Estate of Holderbaum v. Gibson, 3-776A169

• Decision Date: 14 June 1978
• Docket Number: No. 3-776A169,3-776A169
• Citation: 176 Ind.App. 623,376 N.E.2d 1189
• Parties: The ESTATE of Paul E. HOLDERBAUM, and Florence Holderbaum, Appellants (Defendants below), v. Patricia GIBSON, Appellee (Plaintiff below).
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

Page 1189

376 N.E.2d 1189

176 Ind.App. 623

The ESTATE of Paul E. HOLDERBAUM, and Florence Holderbaum, Appellants (Defendants below), v. Patricia GIBSON, Appellee (Plaintiff below).

No. 3-776A169.

Court of Appeals of Indiana,Third District.

June 14, 1978.

William J. Reinke, Lawrence G. DiNardo, Thornburg, McGill, Deahl, Harman, Carey & Murray, South Bend, for appellants.

Robert F. Gonderman, South Bend, for appellee.

STATON, Judge.

Patricia Gibson filed a complaint against Florence Holderbaum and the estate of Paul E. Holderbaum (hereafter collectively referred to as "the estate"), alleging that she was injured while riding in a car driven by Paul Holderbaum. Prior to the trial, the trial judge ruled that the Indiana Guest Statute ¹ was unconstitutional. Accordingly, the case was tried on the theory of negligence, as opposed to the theory of wilful and wanton misconduct. Following the submission of the evidence, the estate moved for a judgment on the evidence on the basis that wilful and wanton misconduct had not been shown. The motion was denied. Later, the jury returned a verdict for Gibson, and the trial court entered judgment on the verdict.

The estate then filed a motion to correct errors. Before the trial judge ruled on that motion, the Indiana Supreme Court, in Sidle v. Majors (1976), Ind., 341 N.E.2d 763, upheld the constitutionality of the guest statute. Later, on February 23, 1976, the trial court entered the following order:

"(T)he parties each having filed their motion to correct errors and the court having heard final argument hereon, come now the defendants and file supplemental authority, opinion of the Indiana Supreme Court, Sidle v. Majors, dated February 16, 1976. . . . And now the court having heretofore denied defendants' T.R. 50 motion for judgment on the evidence, now orders and directs that said T.R. 50 motion for judgment on the evidence should be sustained, and the prior ruling of this court denying the same should be and the same is hereby withdrawn, set aside and vacated and judgment entered for defendants in accord with T.R. 59 and 50(A)(4)."

Gibson then filed an additional motion to correct errors on April 8, 1976. On April 27, 1976, the trial judge granted Gibson's motion to correct errors and made the following findings:

"1) Plaintiff filed a motion for a pre-trial determination of the constitutionality of Ind.Code 1971, 9-3-3-1, 'Indiana Guest Statutes', which was by the court granted November 20, 1975, declaring said Indiana Guest Statute unconstitutional.

"2) The entire case was tried on the theory of ordinary negligence and in rendering its verdict, the jury found the defendant's decedent guilty of ordinary negligence.

"3) That in said trial the court did not give instructions relative to the Guest Act to the jury which could not have made a determination as to whether defendant's decedent was guilty of willful or wanton misconduct.

"4) That at the conclusion of evidence, the court denied defendants' written T.R. 50(A) motion, which motion was predicated upon the absence of ' . . . evidence from which the jury could find that Paul E. Holderbaum was guilty of willful or wanton misconduct. . . . '

"5) That on February 23, 1976 the court ordered that said T.R. 50(A) motion should be sustained and the prior ruling denying the same be withdrawn, set aside and vacated and judgment for defendants was entered.

"6) That by the entry of a new judgment for defendants on February 23, 1976 the court found the plaintiff had failed to prove willful and wanton misconduct when that issue had by the court been expressly excluded as an issue in the trial of said cause.

"7) As a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Sidle v. Majors this court had no alternative but to grant a new trial to both parties.

"8) That the entry of judgment for defendants on their T.R. 50(A) was not predicated on the absence of testimony of willful and wanton misconduct of the defendant per se, but rather its absence due to the exclusion thereof by the court's prior ruling on the Indiana Guest Statute, which cannot stand predicated on issues never before the court or jury.

"9) That this court made such entry based on the authority of Sidle v. Majors and prior to the decision of the Supreme Court in Brady v. Acs, Ind., 342 N.E.2d 837.

"10) By its granting the defendants' T.R. 50(A) motion after trial, and setting aside the verdict of the jury, this court injected issues never before such jury, and previously excluded by its pre-trial ruling and clearly not supported by the evidence.

"The plaintiff's motion to correct errors is sustained and she is granted a new trial."

The estate argues these issues on appeal that: 1) the trial court was without jurisdiction to consider Gibson's April 8, 1976 motion to correct errors; and 2) the trial court erred in ordering a new trial. We affirm.

I. Jurisdiction

In order to resolve the first issue raised by the estate, we must consider the following events and the order in which they occurred:

(1) The jury returned a verdict for Gibson in the amount of $12,000 and judgment was entered thereon.

(2) Both Gibson ² and the estate filed motions to correct errors.

(3) The trial court granted the estate's motion, vacated the judgment which had been previously entered for Gibson, and entered a judgment for the estate.

(4) Gibson filed a motion to correct errors addressed to the entry of the judgment for the estate.

(5) The trial court granted Gibson's motion and ordered a new trial.

The estate contends that if Gibson was aggrieved by the trial court's order granting the estate's motion to correct errors, her only recourse was to initiate a direct appeal of that order pursuant to Ind.Rules of Procedure, Appellate Rule 2. ³ Therefore, the argument continues, the trial court had no jurisdiction to rule upon the subsequent motion to correct errors filed by Gibson. Gibson, on the other hand, maintains that, in order to preserve her right to appeal, she was required to file an additional motion to correct errors addressed to the entry of the judgment for the estate.

The issue before us, therefore, can be reduced to the following question: What procedural avenues are open to a party who is aggrieved by the trial court's granting of an opponent's motion to correct errors?

Until recently, the appellate court decisions concerning this matter were, for the most part, hopelessly confused and often totally irreconcilable. Compare, for example, Easley v. Williams (1974), 161 Ind.App. 24, 314 N.E.2d 105, with Miller v. Mansfield (1975), Ind.App., 330 N.E.2d 113. Recognizing the "procedural quagmire" which the courts had created, the Supreme Court, in P-M Gas and Wash Company, Inc. v. Smith, Ind., 375 N.E. 592 (Handed down April 27, 1978), overruled State v. Deprez (1973), 260 Ind. 413, 296 N.E.2d 120, and its progeny and established new guidelines concerning the filing of motions to correct errors. The Supreme Court also held that Smith was to be given a limited retroactive effect by applying the new guidelines to cases on appeal on the date Smith was handed down, unless such an application would deprive a party of a review on the merits. ⁴

Smith addresses the particular issue with which we are confronted:

"If a party wants to complain about the relief granted to another party, when that other party made a motion to correct error which was granted in whole or in part, then that party can appeal that order, and commence the process under Ind.R.Ap.P. 2(A)."

Thus, when the trial court granted the estate's motion to correct errors, Gibson should have, pursuant to the new guidelines, initiated an appeal by filing a praecipe within thirty days of the entry of the order...