Estate of Nichols, Matter of, 4-89-0178
| Decision Date | 14 September 1989 |
| Docket Number | No. 4-89-0178,4-89-0178 |
| Citation | 188 Ill.App.3d 724,544 N.E.2d 430,135 Ill.Dec. 934 |
| Parties | , 135 Ill.Dec. 934 In the Matter of the ESTATE OF Mary NICHOLS, Deceased (Beatrice Ferguson, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Emily Rose Zeller, Individually and as Executor of the purported Will of Mary Nichols, Charles S. Ferguson, and James W. Ferguson and Rosemary Fellhauer, Defendants-Appellees. |
| Court | United States Appellate Court of Illinois |
Barber, Segatto, Hoffee & Hines, Springfield (Barry O. Hines, Bernard G. Segatto III, of counsel), for plaintiff-appellant.
Bellatti, Fay, Bellatti, Beard & Carpenter, Jacksonville (Eddie Carpenter, of counsel), for James W. Ferguson and Emily Rose Zeller.
Harry G. Story, Jacksonville for Emily Rose Zeller as Executor of the will of Mary Nichols.
Brown, Hay & Stephens, Springfield (Eric L. Grenzebach, Denise M. Druhot, of
[135 Ill.Dec. 935] counsel), for Charles S. Ferguson and Rosemary Fellhauer.
The primary issue this appeal presents is whether a person who continues her long-term residence in a home which she inherits under a will is estopped from contesting the provisions of that will. We hold she is not.
Mary Nichols (decedent) died on January 6, 1987. In her will she left to Beatrice Ferguson, her daughter and the plaintiff in this case, two tracts of real estate in Jacksonville, Illinois. On one of those tracts, located on Chilton Street (the Chilton residence), was the home in which plaintiff had lived since 1967. During her mother's lifetime, plaintiff never paid any rent on the Chilton residence, nor was there any lease agreement.
Decedent's will was admitted to probate on January 13, 1987. On July 10, 1987, plaintiff filed a petition to contest decedent's will, alleging undue influence (count I), undue influence by a fiduciary (count II), and intentional interference with an expectancy (count III). After a hearing in December 1987, all counts of the petition were dismissed, and plaintiff was given 21 days to amend and to add an additional count IV, alleging breach of contract to make a will. After further hearings, the court dismissed counts I and IV. Count I is not before us on this appeal. The court held that count IV was barred by the statute of limitations and was not saved by the doctrine of "relating back" to the earlier counts. After the court denied defendants' motions to dismiss plaintiff's amended counts II and III, defendants answered those counts. In their answers, they alleged the affirmative defense of election by the plaintiff to accept a benefit under the will, thereby estopping her from bringing this will contest action. In December 1988, the defendants filed motions for summary judgment which the court granted, finding that the plaintiff's election to accept benefits under the will left no genuine issue as to any material fact on the defendants' affirmative defense. Plaintiff appeals from the order granting summary judgment as to counts II and III and from the order dismissing count IV. For the reasons that follow, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings.
From February 19, 1987, through July 12, 1987, the plaintiff corresponded with both Harry Story, the attorney for the estate, and the Elliott State Bank concerning the payment of taxes and the mortgage on the Chilton residence. Although plaintiff never received a direct request from the estate that she pay the rent and taxes, the estate did not make those payments. (Copies of these letters are attached to this opinion as an Appendix.)
In granting summary judgment to the defendants on counts II and III, the trial court found that plaintiff had accepted benefits under the will and therefore was estopped from contesting it.
This doctrine of estoppel is longstanding in Illinois. In Fishburn v. Green (1920) 291 Ill. 350, 353, 126 N.E. 115, 116, the supreme court stated the following:
In In re Estate of MacLeish (1977), 46 Ill.App.3d 957, 961, 5 Ill.Dec. 295, 297, 361 N.E.2d 618, 620, a case similar to the one before us, the court discussed the doctrine of estoppel due to election under a will and stated the following:
Defendants contend that plaintiff behaved as if the Chilton residence were her own property. We think this is a fair description. However, the defendants then claim that because of this behavior, plaintiff demonstrated an election to accept the benefit of the Chilton residence left to her under the will. We disagree.
The salient feature of this case is that plaintiff had lived in the Chilton residence for 20 years without making any payments at all. That plaintiff should have come to regard the Chilton residence as her home seems to us entirely reasonable under these circumstances. The letters she sent to the estate's attorney and the Elliott State Bank reveal only her concern that the status quo regarding her residence continue into the foreseeable future. The estate's failure to make mortgage or tax payments clearly threatened plaintiff's security, and her concerns were justified.
The doctrine of estoppel with which we are dealing in this case is, in most instances, eminently sound. Applying this doctrine to these facts, however, is unjust and unfair. Accordingly, we hold that estoppel does not apply where, as here, a person contesting a will (1) continues to live in a residence in which she had been living for several years, and (2) makes payments and expresses concern to ensure that she will be able to reside in that home for the foreseeable future. As defendants conceded during oral arguments, if we were to hold otherwise on these facts, plaintiff would be forced to move out of her home in order to bring an action contesting the will. We cannot accept that result.
By this holding, we are placing an affirmative duty upon executors of estates to take whatever steps they deem necessary in order to demonstrate that an occupant of a residence that passes to that occupant under a will, such as plaintiff in this case, has knowingly and intelligently elected to receive the benefits given to her under that will.
We should not be understood, however, as requiring or even condoning an action by an executor to evict such an occupant. An eviction action might be both unfair and contrary to the testator's intent. This case does not present us with the question of what action the executor should take; accordingly, we leave that question's resolution to another day.
Plaintiff filed her motion for leave to add count IV on October 10, 1987. That count alleged a breach of contract by the decedent to make a will. The decedent's will was admitted to probate on January 13, 1987, thus the time for presenting claims on the estate expired July 13, 1987. (See Ill.Rev.Stat.1985, ch. 110 1/2, par. 8-1; Ill.Rev.Stat.1985, ch. 110, par. 2-616(b).) On defendant's motion, the trial court dismissed count IV as not timely filed. Plaintiff appeals, contending that count IV relates back to the original three-count pleading which had been timely filed. We disagree and affirm the trial court's ruling.
This court discussed the relation-back doctrine in some detail in Cunningham v. Hasbargen (1983), 118 Ill.App.3d 1019, 74 Ill.Dec. 410, 455 N.E.2d 839, and indicated that the principal inquiry concerns the degree of similarity between defendant's conduct as alleged in the original counts and defendant's conduct as alleged in the added counts. The policy underlying this doctrine, which provides an exception to an applicable statute of limitations, is to "It seems obvious that the purpose of section 8-1 of the Probate Act of 1975 is to limit the time within which the validity of a will may be questioned and to create stability in the administration of estates. The appellate court cited Pedersen v. Dempsey (1950), 341 Ill.App. 141 wherein the court stated that the reasons for the time limit in filing a will contest was 'the pressing importance of securing an orderly settlement of estates, to prevent embarrassment to creditors and others, and to avoid as much confusion as possible in the vast amount of property rights and titles that pass through probate.' 341 Ill.App. 141, 143 .
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