Ex parte Finley

• Decision Date: 14 December 1944
• Docket Number: 6 Div. 272.
• Citation: 246 Ala. 218,20 So.2d 98
• Parties: Ex parte FINLEY et al.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

20 So.2d 98

246 Ala. 218

Ex parte FINLEY et al.

6 Div. 272.

Supreme Court of Alabama

December 14, 1944

Geo D. Finley, of Tarrant City, for petitioners.

Graham Bibb & Wingo, of Birmingham, for respondent.

SIMPSON Justice.

Mandamus to review an order of the trial court declining to require answer to certain interrogatories propounded by petitioners (complainants) to the City of Tarrant (respondent), in a proceeding in equity at issue on bill and answer. Facts to be elicited by the interrogatories related to the costs and charges entering into certain municipal improvement assessments levied against the lots of appellants by respondent city. Certain of the interrogatories also sought to inquire into the motives of the city officials in adopting the improvement ordinance.

Only those interrogatories germane to the equities as disclosed by the bill are required to be answered. Altman v Barrett, 234 Ala. 234, 237, 174 So. 293.

A summary of the pertinent phases of the bill is: Mrs. Finley, appellants' mother (now deceased and from whom appellants inherited the property), deeded a certain strip of land to said city for use as a street, in consideration for which the city agreed to relocate certain fences on her adjacent property, build a retaining wall to protect the lots where the street was to be constructed and grade the property adjoining the deeded strip. Thereafter the municipality did improve the street, but contrary to its agreement, charged the grading and other unlawful expenses against the property. Appellants' mother duly protested the assessments, filed her contest and appeal bonds and completed her appeal to the circuit court as provided by law. The municipality disregarded these appeals, failed to send up the records to the circuit court, as was its duty, and some considerable time thereafter proceeded to advertise the property for sale in satisfaction of the improvement liens. The bill as last amended sought (alternatively) (1) to enjoin the sales and to have declared a discontinuance of the assessment cases because of the failure of the municipality to comply with its duty and send up the record of appeals to the circuit court for trial; (2) a mandatory injunction directing the city to send up the record of the appeals to the circuit court for trial as the law directs; (3) a cancellation of the assessments because of excessive charges imposed with the knowledge and the purpose so to do by the city officials, under a conspiracy to 'tax Mrs. Finley out of her property'; and (4) a cancellation of the deed from Mrs. Finley to the city for failure of consideration.

The phase of the bill, and only that, seeking injunctive relief against the foreclosure of the property by the city under the assessment liens pending trial of the appeals from the final assessments presents a case for equitable cognizance. Injunctive relief will be accorded pending an action at law to preserve the status quo of the property until a final settlement of the rights involved (32 C.J. 124, § 162), to prevent irreparable injury. 32 C.J. 127, § 169; 32 C.J. 128, § 170; Driver v. New, 175 Ala. 655, 57 So. 437; Mobile & Birmingham R. Co. v. Louisville & N. R. Co., 190 Ala. 417, 67 So. 244.

Nevertheless, this according of equitable protection to the property pending such litigation is merely to preserve the property until the rights are settled at law and the equity court does not undertake to supplant the action at law or to settle such rights. 32 C.J. 124, § 162.

A prevailing exception to this last stated principle, that equity will not interfere to determine the rights of the litigants at law, is where there is a purely equitable defense unavailable at law precluding the law court from accomplishing complete and efficient justice. Boone v. Byrd, 201 Ala. 562, 78 So. 958. The case here presented, however, is without this exception. The matters prayed for are either irremediable in any court or will be fully available as defenses when the appealed cases are tried in the circuit court.

The only relevancy of the unanswered interrogatories pertain to that phase of the bill which seeks to declare the ordinance invalid and to vacate the assessments because of alleged improper conduct of the city officials. The general rule, and controlling here, is that the courts will not institute an inquiry into the motives of the legislative department in determining the validity of ordinances enacted by them for local improvements. Cramton v. City of Montgomery, 171 Ala. 478, 482, 55 So. 122; 32 A.L.R. 1524; 37 Am.Jur. p. 821, § 182. This is because, in making such law, the municipal council is exercising a legislative function and its authorized legislative acts are not subject to impeachment because of bad faith or improper motives. Cramton case, supra; Albes v. Southern Ry. Co., 164 Ala. 356, 365, 51 So. 327; Clements v. Commission of City of Birmingham, 215 Ala. 59, 61, 109 So. 158; Talladega v. Jackson-Tinney Lumber Co., 209 Ala. 106, 110, 95 So. 455.

The rule is different when the city acts in an administrative or proprietary capacity, in which case its acts may be open to inquiry or impeachment for bad faith, fraud or improper motives. Pilcher v. City of Dothan, 207 Ala. 421, 93 So. 16; Van Antwerp v. Board of Com'rs of City of Mobile, 217 Ala. 201, 206, 115 So. 239. This latter principle would be applicable to the present case if, in the execution and accomplishment of the purposes of the ordinance, the officials had so acted and included illegal and improper charges against Mrs. Finley's property in making the assessments. In such case, however, the remedy at law is entirely adequate to redress the injury and afford relief.

Although not necessary to the present decision, it is observed that no case is made by the bill to authorize equity to cancel the deed of Mrs. Finley to the city for failure of consideration. 26 C.J.S., Deeds § 21, p. 195.

Nor will equity interfere with the cases at law to declare a discontinuance thereof because of the alleged failure of the clerk of the municipality to comply with the statute relative to the appeals from the final assessments. This defense likewise will be available when the cases come on for trial on appeal in the circuit court. The resolution of the municipal council making the assessments final is 'a final judgment which can be reviewed only by an appeal seasonably taken therefrom in accordance with the provisions * * * of the Code. * * * A court of chancery can review such a judgment only upon the exhibition of some distinct and recognized ground for equitable interference with judgments at law.' Brock v. City of Decatur, 185 Ala. 146, 148, 64 So. 73.

No such ground is specified in the bill. Equity is entirely unauthorized to undertake a cancellation of the assessments as for a discontinuance because of the failure of the city clerk to do his duty with respect to transmitting the transcript of the proceedings to the circuit court. Upon posting the appeal bonds and their approval by the proper officer (the statute regarding the presenting and filing of objections having been previously complied with) the appeal was effectively...