Ex parte Leasecomm Corp.

• Decision Date: 03 October 2003
• Citation: 879 So.2d 1156
• Parties: Ex parte LEASECOMM CORPORATION. (In re Jeffery R. Sisk v. Tim Kelleher et al.)
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

879 So.2d 1156

Ex parte LEASECOMM CORPORATION.

(In re Jeffery R. Sisk v. Tim Kelleher et al.)

1021212.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

October 3, 2003.

Roger L. Bates and E. Shane Black of Hand Arendall, L.L.C., Birmingham, for petitioner.

Daniel B. King of King & King Attorneys, P.C., Gadsden, for Jeffery R. Sisk.

STUART, Justice.

Leasecomm Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation registered to do business in Alabama, petitions this Court for a writ of mandamus directing the Etowah Circuit Court to grant its motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for a change of venue. We grant the petition.

Facts and Procedural History

On June 8, 1999, Jeffery R. Sisk, the owner of Southern Belle Quick Stop convenience store, executed a "Non-Cancellable Equipment Lease Agreement," pursuant to which he was to lease certain credit-card processing equipment from Leasecomm. The lease agreement contained the following paragraph just above Sisk's first signature on the front page, typed in boldface and underlined:

"The Parties hereby agree that this Agreement is made in, governed by, to be performed in, and shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. They further consent and submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and expressly agree to such exclusive forum for the bringing of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of their obligations hereunder, and expressly waive any objection to venue in any such Courts and waive any right to a trial by jury so that trial shall be by and only to the Court. It is further agreed and understood that the corporate headquarters of Leasecomm Corporation is located within the venue of The District Court Department of the Trial Court within Middlesex County."

The agreement also contained the following statement just above Sisk's second signature on the front page, also in boldface and underlined:

"The undersigned specifically understands and also agrees with the bold, underlined provision stated above submitting and consenting to the laws and jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for any action whatsoever arising out of this lease."

On January 3, 2002, after the credit-card processing equipment had malfunctioned and Leasecomm had refused to repair the equipment, Sisk sued Leasecomm in the Etowah Circuit Court, alleging fraud in the inducement, continuing fraud, misrepresentation, and breach of contract. On November 7, 2002, Leasecomm moved to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(3), Ala.R.Civ.P., or, in the alternative, to enforce the forum-selection clause in the agreement and transfer the case to an appropriate court in Massachusetts. After a hearing, the trial court denied Leasecomm's motion without making any factual findings.

Standard of Review

"An outbound forum-selection clause—a clause by which parties specifically agree to trial outside the State of Alabama in the event of a dispute— implicates the venue of a court rather than its jurisdiction. See Ex parte CTB, Inc., 782 So.2d 188 (Ala.2000); and O'Brien Eng'g Co. v. Continental Machs., Inc., 738 So.2d 844, 845 n. 1 (Ala.1999).

"`"The proper method for obtaining review of a denial of a motion for a change of venue in a civil action is to petition for the writ of mandamus." Ex parte National Security Ins. Co., 727 So.2d 788, 789 (Ala.1998). "Mandamus is a drastic and extraordinary writ, to be issued only where there is (1) a clear legal right in the petitioner to the order sought; (2) an imperative duty upon the respondent to perform, accompanied by a refusal to do so; (3) the lack of another adequate remedy; and (4) properly invoked jurisdiction of the court." Ex parte Integon Corp., 672 So.2d 497, 499 (Ala.1995).' "Ex parte CTB, Inc., 782 So.2d at 190. `On appeal, the review of a trial court's ruling on the question of enforcing a forum-selection clause is for an abuse of discretion.' Ex parte D.M. White Constr. Co., 806 So.2d 370, 372 (Ala. 2001)."

Ex parte Rymer, 860 So.2d 339, 341 (Ala. 2003).

Analysis

Leasecomm contends that it has a clear legal right to the enforcement of the outbound forum-selection clause because, it says, Sisk did not clearly establish that Sisk was fraudulently induced to enter into the agreement containing the clause. We agree.

This Court, in Professional Insurance Corp. v. Sutherland, 700 So.2d 347 (Ala.1997), adopted the majority rule that an outbound forum-selection clause should be enforced so long as its enforcement is neither unfair nor unreasonable under the circumstances of the case. When a party challenges the enforcement of an outbound forum-selection clause, the party must clearly establish either

"(1) that enforcement of the forum selection clause[ ] would be unfair on the basis that the contract[ ] ... [was] affected by fraud, undue influence, or overweening bargaining power or (2) that enforcement would be unreasonable on the basis that the chosen ... forum would be seriously inconvenient for the trial of the action."

700 So.2d at 352.

The United States Supreme Court in Scherk v. Alberto-Culver Co., 417 U.S. 506, 94 S.Ct. 2449, 41 L.Ed.2d 270 (1974), relying on its holding in The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 407 U.S. 1, 92 S.Ct. 1907, 32 L.Ed.2d 513 (1972), addressed the enforcement of forum-selection clauses and upheld the enforceability of a forum-selection clause when the action involved claims of fraud. In Scherk, the Court, despite the allegations of fraud, upheld the enforcement of a forum-selection clause, stating:

"In The Bremen we noted that forum-selection clauses `should be given full effect' when a `freely negotiated private international agreement [is] unaffected by fraud....' 407 U.S., at 13. This qualification does not mean that any time a dispute arising out of a transaction is based upon an allegation of fraud, as in this case, the clause is unenforceable. Rather, it means that an arbitration or forum-selection clause in a contract is not enforceable if the inclusion of that clause in the contract was the product of fraud or coercion."

417 U.S. at 519 n. 14, 94 S.Ct. 2449. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Lipcon v. Underwriters at Lloyd's, London, 148 F.3d 1285, 1296 (11th Cir.1998), applied the Scherk holding, stating, "By requiring the plaintiff specifically to allege that the choice clause itself was included in the contract due to fraud in order to succeed in a claim that the choice is unenforceable, courts may ensure that more general claims of fraud will be litigated in the chosen forum, in accordance with the contractual expectations of the parties."

Thus, the proper inquiry is whether the forum-selection clause is the result of...