First Shelby Nat. Bank v. Mitchell
| Decision Date | 04 November 1981 |
| Citation | 406 So.2d 959 |
| Parties | FIRST SHELBY NATIONAL BANK, and Alabama Banking Corporation v. Gene MITCHELL. Civ. 2825. |
| Court | Alabama Court of Civil Appeals |
John E. Medaris, Alabaster, for appellant.
Richard L. Taylor and J. Sherrill Hancock, Birmingham, for appellee.
The plaintiff, Gene Mitchell, sued the defendant, First Shelby National Bank, for malicious prosecution and abuse of process.
The action was tried before a jury which rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff in the amount of $1,000. This amount was later reduced to $900 by the trial court.
The jury verdict did not specify upon which theory judgment was rendered. The defendant appeals and we affirm.
The defendant, through able counsel, contends the evidence does not support a judgment for either malicious prosecution or abuse of process. Additionally, the defendant contends the trial court erred in giving jury instructions on punitive damages.
Viewing the record with the attendant presumptions, the following is revealed: Mr. Fredrick McMaster was the owner of a mobile home. On August 13, 1974, McMaster entered into a lease-purchase agreement with the plaintiff. The agreement required the plaintiff to pay $112.50 per month for sixty months. At the conclusion of these payments, McMaster was to convey title to the mobile home to the plaintiff. There is no evidence that this lease-purchase agreement was ever recorded. The plaintiff did, however, apparently enter into possession of the mobile home at the inception of the agreement.
In 1978, McMaster consulted the defendant-bank in an attempt to procure a loan. As collateral for the loan, McMaster offered the mobile home. On May 30, 1978, McMaster and defendant reached agreement whereby the defendant extended McMaster a loan and took a security interest in the mobile home. To protect its security interest, the defendant duly filed a financing statement as required by the Uniform Commercial Code.
McMaster subsequently defaulted on the loan. After failing to obtain payment from McMaster, the defendant-bank contacted the plaintiff in an attempt to obtain possession of the mobile home. Though disputed, there is evidence that a representative from the bank told the plaintiff that he had five days to move out of the mobile home. The plaintiff, however, refused to relinquish possession of the mobile home. Consequently, the defendant instituted an action in the Shelby County District Court seeking to have the plaintiff vacate the mobile home and to allow defendant to take possession.
The defendant, pursuant to rule 64(b)(2)(B), A.R.C.P., made a motion for a writ of prejudgment seizure. This motion was granted on January 4, 1979. On January 9, 1979, the plaintiff made a motion for a prejudgment hearing. A hearing was held on February 9, 1979, and an order was rendered the same day. The trial court did not require the plaintiff to vacate the mobile home. Instead, pursuant to an agreement between the plaintiff and defendant, the trial court ordered that the plaintiff pay the remainder of the installment payments due under the lease-purchase agreement directly to the defendant. The trial court found that eight payments remained which amounted to a total of $900. McMaster was held liable for the remainder of his indebtedness after deducting the $900.
No appeal was taken from this decision. The plaintiff then instituted the instant action.
The essential elements necessary to recover in a malicious prosecution suit are (1) judicial proceeding, (2) initiated by the defendant, (3) without probable cause, (4) with malice on the part of the defendant, (5) termination of the judicial proceedings in plaintiff's favor, and (6) damages as a result of the action. Gamble v. Webb Quarterback Club, 386 So.2d 455 (Ala.Civ.App.), cert. denied, 386 So.2d 459 (Ala.1980). The defendant contends the plaintiff presented insufficient proof to establish lack of probable cause, malice, and termination in plaintiff's favor.
This court will address each of these contentions.
Probable cause in malicious prosecution cases can be defined as that state of facts which would lead a person of reasonable prudence to honestly believe the claims put forth in the prior suit would prevail. Gamble v. Webb Quarterback Club, supra. See also Birwood Paper Co. v. Damsky, 285 Ala. 127, 229 So.2d 514 (1969). In the context of the instant case, the defendant would have had probable cause to bring the action to repossess the mobile home only if its representatives maintained an honest belief that its rights in the mobile home were superior to the plaintiff's rights in the mobile home.
The law in Alabama, as correctly indicated by the trial court, is that a conveyance by the lessor of property, during the unexpired leasehold term under which the tenant is holding, does not abrogate the tenant's rights under the lease, unless the lease so provides. Plastone Plastic Co. v. Whitman-Webb Realty Co., 278 Ala. 95, 176 So.2d 27 (1965); Wood v. West Pratt Coal Co., 146 Ala. 479, 40 So. 959 (1906); Mack v. Beeland Brothers Mercantile Co., 21 Ala.App. 97, 105 So. 722, cert. denied, 213 Ala. 554, 105 So. 725 (1925). Thus, if there was sufficient evidence to indicate that the defendant acquired its security interest in the mobile home subsequent to the execution of the lease-purchase agreement and the defendant was aware or should have been aware of the plaintiff's rights under the agreement, the defendant would not have had probable cause to bring the action to repossess the mobile home.
The evidence is undisputed that the lease-purchase agreement was executed in 1974, approximately four years before the defendant acquired any interest in the mobile home. There is also undisputed evidence that the plaintiff had been in possession of the mobile home for some time prior to the time the defendant acquired its interest in the mobile home. Though not without dispute by the defendant, there is evidence that the defendant was aware of the plaintiff's interest in the mobile home at the time the defendant took its security interest in the mobile home. In any event, it is apparent that, prior to bringing the repossession action, the defendant had some knowledge of the plaintiff's rights because a representative from the bank visited the defendant prior to the action and, according to the plaintiff, asked the plaintiff to vacate the mobile home. Based upon the foregoing, this court concludes that there was sufficient evidence from which the jury could conclude that the defendant was aware or should have been aware of the plaintiff's rights.
Stated differently, there was sufficient evidence from which the jury could have concluded that the defendant lacked probable cause to bring the repossession action against the plaintiff.
We also find that the defendant's contention that the plaintiff failed to establish malice is without merit. Previous decisions have held that in malicious prosecution actions a presumption of malice arises upon a finding of lack of probable cause. S. S. Kresge Co. v. Ruby, 348 So.2d 484 (Ala.1977); Gamble v. Webb Quarterback Club, supra; Dillon v. Nix, 55 Ala.App. 611, 318 So.2d 308 (1975). This presumption of malice coupled with the defendant's blatant disregard of the plaintiff's rights under the lease-purchase agreement is sufficient to sustain a finding of malice on the part of the defendant in instituting the repossession action.
The defendant-bank next contends that the repossession action was not terminated in all respects in plaintiff's favor. To review briefly, the defendant brought the repossession action seeking specifically to have the mobile home removed from the plaintiff's possession. Though the defendant's motion for a writ of prejudgment seizure was granted, the ultimate decision was clearly adverse to the defendant and favorable to the plaintiff because the plaintiff was allowed to maintain possession of the mobile home.
The defendant contends, however, that since the plaintiff was ordered to make the remaining payments due under the lease-purchase agreement directly to the defendant, the repossession action was not terminated in all respects in the plaintiff's favor. The defendant cites to Wilson v. Brooks, 369 So.2d 1221 (Ala.1979), as support for this contention. This court, however, is of the opinion that Wilson is distinguishable from the instant case.
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