Fitzgerald v. Com., 830653

• Citation: 313 S.E.2d 394,227 Va. 171
• Decision Date: 09 March 1984
• Docket Number: No. 830653,830653
• Parties: David Allen FITZGERALD v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia. Record
• Court: Supreme Court of Virginia

Page 394

313 S.E.2d 394

227 Va. 171

David Allen FITZGERALD v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia.

Record No. 830653.

Supreme Court of Virginia.

March 9, 1984.

James R. Sheeran, Richmond, for appellant.

Jacqueline G. Epps, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen. (Gerald L. Baliles, Atty. Gen., on brief), for appellee.

Before CARRICO, C.J., and COCHRAN, POFF, COMPTON, STEPHENSON, RUSSELL and THOMAS, JJ.

RUSSELL, Justice.

David Allen Fitzgerald was convicted in a bench trial under three indictments for forgery and sentenced to a total of six years' confinement. His motion to strike the Commonwealth's evidence was denied, and he presented no evidence. The sole question on appeal is whether the evidence was sufficient to support his conviction.

Stated in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the evidence shows that a number of blank checks were stolen from the premises of Transmission Products, Inc., on Bells Road, in Richmond, during a burglary on Christmas day, 1981. The owners missed petty cash, but were unaware that checks were missing until the firm's bank statement arrived a month later.

Enclosed with the statement were the three checks in question. They were similar in appearance. Each was on one of the stolen Transmission Products, Inc. blanks, upon which the name of that firm and the name of its bank, Southern Bank and Trust Company, were printed. The remaining information on the face of each check was filled in with a typewriter, except for the maker's signature. Each is made payable to "David A. Fitzgerald 4721 Lovells Rd. Richmond, Va. 23224." Each contains a social security number, purportedly that of the payee. Each is dated December 23, 1981, and each is in the amount of $187.50. Each bears the signature "James K. Stone," apparently written by the same hand. Each contains, on its reverse side, the endorsement of David A. Fitzgerald, with the same address, but with the addition of a telephone number. Only one endorsement includes the social security number shown on the face of the check.

The name "James K. Stone" was a forgery. No person by that name was associated with Transmission Products, Inc., and the checks were not issued by any authorized person.

The first check was cashed on December 28, 1981, at Ukrop's Supermarket on Forest Hill Avenue, Richmond. The clerk would not have accepted it without the endorsement. The second check was cashed on December 29, 1981, at a Safeway store on Broad Rock Road, Richmond. Again, the clerk would not have accepted it without endorsement and without further identification showing the endorser to be the same person as the payee. The third check was cashed on or about December 30, 1981, at a Safeway store on Jahnke Road, Richmond. None of the witnesses could identify the person who had presented the checks.

The Commonwealth introduced the evidence of a handwriting expert who testified that Fitzgerald had personally signed the endorsements and had written the other identifying data on the reverse sides of the checks, ^* but that the signatures of the purported maker, "James K. Stone," were written by another person. Fitzgerald's motion to strike was based upon the premise that the only parts of the checks he was shown to have written were the endorsements, that he had signed his own name to each of them, and that "one cannot forge his own name."

Forgery is a common law crime in Virginia. It is defined as "the false making or materially altering with intent to defraud, of any writing which, if genuine, might apparently be of legal efficacy, or the foundation of legal liability." Bullock v. Commonwealth, 205 Va. 558, 561, 138 S.E.2d 261, 263 (1964), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 927, 86 S.Ct. 310, 15 L.Ed.2d 341 (1965). In Bullock, we also set forth Blackstone's definition: "the fraudulent making or alteration of a writing to the prejudice of another man's right." Id. 205 Va. at 561, 138 S.E.2d 261.

The evidence established that the writing on the face of the checks was forged, that the checks were apparently genuine, and that they were actually employed to the prejudice of the rights of others. Equally well established was the fact that Fitzgerald, at some time, had them in his possession and endorsed them. The question remains whether the evidence supports the court's finding, implicit in the...