Flores v. Ashcroft, 02-4073.

• Decision Date: 31 December 2003
• Docket Number: No. 02-4073.,02-4073.
• Parties: Maria FLORES, Appellant, v. John ASHCROFT, Attorney General of the United States; Michael Heston, Director of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Kansas City, Missouri, Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

354 F.3d 727

Maria FLORES, Appellant, v. John ASHCROFT, Attorney General of the United States; Michael Heston, Director of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Kansas City, Missouri, Appellees.

No. 02-4073.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: September 9, 2003.

Filed: December 31, 2003.

Counsel who presented argument on behalf of the appellant was James S. Phillips, Wichita, KS.

Counsel who presented argument on behalf of the appellee was Blair T. O'Connor, Washington, DC.

Before SMITH, LAY, and BRIGHT, Circuit Judges.

SMITH, Circuit Judge.

Maria del Rosario Flores attempted to enter the United States without valid entry documents and was removed pursuant to an expedited removal procedure that does not afford a hearing. She reentered illegally and applied for an adjustment-of-status. When she arrived for her adjustment interview, she was arrested. The Immigration and Naturalization Service ("INS") reinstated the prior removal order, pursuant to another expedited procedure that does not afford a hearing. She sought review of the reinstatement, arguing that (1) her detention and removal without the opportunity for a hearing violated due process; (2) her initial exclusion at the border-without being served with a charging document-violated due process; and (3) that she had the right to have her adjustment-of-status application adjudicated prior to her removal. We deny the petition.

I. Background

Flores, a native and citizen of Mexico, was excluded from entering the United States at the Mexico border by an immigration officer because she had no valid entry documents in her possession and because she initially misrepresented herself as a United States citizen. See 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(1)(A) (2000) (authorizing an INS officer to remove arriving aliens without providing the aliens a hearing before an immigration judge). Following this attempted illegal entry, Flores was notified that she was prohibited from entering the United States for five years from the date of her October 14, 1998, exclusion. However, one week after her removal, Flores reentered the United States. She later married David Flores, a United States citizen.

On May 30, 2001, Flores's husband submitted a petition on her behalf, requesting that she be granted status as a lawful, permanent resident. In her adjustment application, Flores stated that she had never been deported or removed from the United States. In November of 2001, Flores had an interview with the INS, prompted by her adjustment-of-status application. During the interview, the INS agent discovered that Flores was subject to an order of removal. The INS ordered the prior removal order reinstated under 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5) (2000), which provides:

If the Attorney General finds that an alien has reentered the United States illegally after having been removed or having departed voluntarily, under an order of removal, the prior order of removal is reinstated from its original date and is not subject to being reopened or reviewed, the alien is not eligible and may not apply for any relief under this chapter, and the alien shall be removed under the prior order at any time after the reentry.

The implementing regulation states in relevant part:

An alien who illegally reenters the United States after having been removed, or having departed voluntarily, while under an order of exclusion, deportation, or removal shall be removed from the United States by reinstating the prior order. The alien has no right to a hearing before an immigration judge in such circumstances.

8 C.F.R. § 241.8(a) (2001). Flores filed a petition for habeas corpus in the district court. Because a decision to reinstate a prior removal order is actually the enforcement of a prior final order, we have exclusive jurisdiction to review the removal decision. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a) (2000); Briones-Sanchez v. INS, 319 F.3d 324, 326 (8th Cir.2003).

II. Discussion

Flores argues that her detention and removal without the opportunity for a hearing amounts to a deprivation of her rights under the Due Process Clause.¹ We consider constitutional claims under a de novo standard of review. Escudero-Corona v. I.N.S., 244 F.3d 608, 614 (8th Cir.2001). Flores's arguments are largely foreclosed by existing precedent in our circuit. To the extent we have not yet reached the issue, we conclude that the reasoning of other circuits is persuasive, thereby foreclosing her remaining claims.

Flores's claim involves two discrete removal procedures. Flores was first removed under 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(1)(A), which provides for the expedited removal-without a hearing-of an alien who is deemed to be inadmissible upon attempted entry, due to misrepresentation. The second provides for the reinstatement of a prior removal order-without a hearing-if the alien later is found in the United States after reentering illegally. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5). The INS removed Flores under § 1225(b)(1)(A) and now seeks to reinstate that removal under § 1231(a)(5).

Accepting Flores's initial removal order as valid, we turn to the question of whether due process requires a hearing upon reinstatement of that order. The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 ("IIRIRA") revised the reinstatement provision, former 8 U.S.C. § 1252(f), to its current form, codified at 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5). Before the enactment of IIRIRA, aliens subject to reinstatement had a right to a hearing before an immigration judge. 8 C.F.R. § 242.23 (repealed 1997). However, the current regulation denies those aliens such a hearing. 8 C.F.R. § 241.8(a).

The revised regulations expand the types of orders that can be reinstated and provide that an alien is subject to automatic reinstatement of a prior removal order upon a determination that (1) the alien has been subject to a prior deportation order, (2) the alien is correctly identified as an alien who was removed under a prior order, and (3) the alien unlawfully reentered the United States after her removal. 8 C.F.R. § 241.8(a). Section 1231(a)(5) expressly provides that an alien who meets these criteria "is not eligible" for other relief. Flores acknowledges that (1) she is an alien, (2) who was previously removed, and (3) who reentered the United States illegally.

In order to obtain relief for a violation of procedural due-process rights in immigration proceedings, an alien must show that the violation prejudiced her. Lopez v. Heinauer, 332 F.3d 507, 513 (8th Cir.2003). Because Flores does not challenge any of the three relevant determinations concerning the validity of a reinstatement order, there is no doubt that Flores's deportation order would have been reinstated, and she would be statutorily ineligible for any relief even if she had been granted...