Frank v. Johnson, 1331

• Decision Date: 10 July 1992
• Docket Number: No. 1331,D,1331
• Citation: 968 F.2d 298
• Parties: Floyd FRANK, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Sally B. JOHNSON, Respondent-Appellee. ocket 91-2332.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

Page 298

968 F.2d 298

23 Fed.R.Serv.3d 135

Floyd FRANK, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Sally B. JOHNSON, Respondent-Appellee.

No. 1331, Docket 91-2332.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Argued April 28, 1992.

Decided July 10, 1992.

Jonathan C. Scott, Northport, N.Y., for petitioner-appellant.

Jonathan Frank, Asst. Dist. Atty., Brooklyn, N.Y. (Charles J. Hynes, Dist. Atty., Jay M. Cohen, Asst. Dist. Atty., on the brief), for respondent-appellee.

Before; MESKILL, Chief Judge, TIMBERS and NEWMAN, Circuit Judges.

JON O. NEWMAN, Circuit Judge:

Litigants wishing to object to the recommendations of a magistrate judge, submitted in a report to a district judge, have ten days after being served with the report. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) (1988). Failure to object within the allotted ten days results in a waiver of further judicial review. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 155, 106 S.Ct. 466, 474, 88 L.Ed.2d 435 (1985); McCarthy v. Manson, 714 F.2d 234, 237 & n. 2 (2d Cir.1983). In Small v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 892 F.2d 15, 16 (2d Cir.1989) (per curiam), this Court held that the waiver rule would be invoked against pro se litigants only if a magistrate judge's report (a) informs the pro se litigant that the failure to object to the report within ten days will result in the waiver of further judicial review and (b) cites pertinent statutory and civil rules authority. This appeal raises the narrow issue whether a non-material omission from the notice requirements of Small may be disregarded by a district court in declining to consider a late objection to a magistrate judge's report.

The issue arises on the appeal of Floyd Frank from the June 19, 1991, judgment of the District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Reena Raggi, Judge), denying his petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (1988). Because we hold that a non-material omission from the notice required in the magistrate judge's report does not relieve the pro se litigant of the obligation to file timely objections to the report in order to preserve further judicial review, we affirm.

Facts

Following a jury trial in absentia, Frank was convicted of Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance in the Second Degree, in violation of N.Y.Penal Law § 220.18 (McKinney 1989). After exhausting his available state remedies, see People v. Frank, 161 A.D.2d 794, 556 N.Y.S.2d 368 (2d Dep't), appeal denied mem., People v. Frank, 76 N.Y.2d 939, 563 N.Y.S.2d 69, 564 N.E.2d 679 (1990), Frank filed a pro se habeas petition. Judge Raggi referred the matter to Magistrate Judge Allyne Ross.

The Magistrate Judge issued a report and recommendation dated May 9, 1991, recommending that the petition be denied in its entirety. The report also contained the following explicit warning concerning the need for a timely objection:

Any objections to this Report and Recommendation must be filed with the Clerk of the Court within 10 days of the receipt of this report. Failure to file objections within the specified time waives the right to appeal the district court's order. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed.R.Civ.Pro. 6(a), 6(e); Small v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 892 F.2d 15, 16 (2d Cir.1989).

The petitioner, still acting pro se, failed to file an objection within the ten day period, and the record does not reveal any subsequently filed objections. Because no objection was filed in a timely manner, the District Judge denied the petition substantially for the reasons stated by the Magistrate Judge. A certificate of probable cause was denied by the District Court also for failure to object to the magistrate judge's report, but this Court subsequently granted the certificate.

Discussion

A party must serve and file any objections to a magistrate judge's proposed findings and recommendations within ten days after being served with the report. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) (1988). We have adopted the rule that failure to object timely to a report waives any further judicial review of the report. See Wesolek v. Canadair Ltd., 838 F.2d 55, 58 (2d Cir.1988); McCarthy v. Manson, 714 F.2d at 237 & n. 2. The objection is considered waived, however, only if the party had received "clear notice" of the consequences of the failure to object. See Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. at 155, 106 S.Ct. at 475. To alleviate the unreasonable burden placed on a pro se litigant by a waiver rule found only in case law, this Court requires the magistrate's report to warn the pro se litigant of the consequences of the failure to object. Specifically, the report must state that the "failure to object to the report within ten (10) days will preclude appellate review" and must "specifically cite[ ] 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and rules 72, 6(a) and 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure." Small v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 892 F.2d at 16 (2d Cir.1989); see also Moore v. United States, 950 F.2d 656, 659 (10th Cir.1991...