Freeman v. First State Bank of Albertville

• Decision Date: 05 May 1981
• Citation: 401 So.2d 11
• Parties: H. M. FREEMAN, d/b/a H. M. Freeman Motors et al. v. FIRST STATE BANK OF ALBERTVILLE. 79-421.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

Page 11

401 So.2d 11

H. M. FREEMAN, d/b/a H. M. Freeman Motors et al. v. FIRST STATE BANK OF ALBERTVILLE.

79-421.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

May 5, 1981.

Rehearing Denied June 26, 1981.

R. Kent Henslee of Henslee & Bradley, Gadsden, for appellants.

Charles R. Hare, Jr. of Gullahorn & Hare, Albertville, for appellee.

FAULKNER, Justice.

This is an appeal from a judgment in the Circuit Court of Marshall County for plaintiff First State Bank of Albertville. We affirm in part; reverse in part; and remand.

On November 30, 1977, Tim Williamson (not involved in this appeal) negotiated a purchase price on a 1976 Dodge van with the general manager of H. M. Freeman Motors in Gadsden. He received the lienholder's copy of the executed certificate of title application for the van and the following day he presented the copy to the First State Bank of Albertville in an effort to obtain financing. Based on the title application, the bank made the loan, took a security interest in the van, and issued a "loan disbursement check" made payable to Williamson and Freeman Motors. There was no indication on the face of the check that the loan was secured by any specific collateral.

On Saturday, December 3, Williamson returned to Freeman Motors and purchased a Subaru car. The manager asked Williamson whether he had obtained the check as financing on the van and Williamson responded that he had obtained a loan instead. After an unsuccessful attempt to contact the bank, the manager accepted the check and reimbursed Williamson the difference between the amount of the check and the purchase price of the car. In March or April, First State discovered that it had never received title for the van. Upon contacting Freeman Motors, the bank learned, for the first time, that Williamson had never purchased the van.

Williamson declared bankruptcy and First State filed suit against Williamson, Freeman Motors, and Auto Owners Insurance Company (due to its obligation under a bond) for breach of implied contract and for fraudulent representation. The action against Williamson was continued pending disposition of his bankruptcy proceeding. Thereafter, the case went to trial October 10, 1979. At the close of the evidence, defendants' motion for a directed verdict, separately and severally, was denied and judgment was entered on a jury verdict of $14,662.63 for the plaintiff. Defendants then filed a motion for JNOV or, in the alternative, a new trial or, in the alternative, an amendment or vacation of the judgment. Motion was denied and Freeman Motors and Auto Owners appeal.

Appellants, Freeman Motors and Auto Owners, first contend that First State failed to meet the requisite burden of proof on the contract count. We disagree. While no express contract was alleged by First State, our cases hold that an implied contract may arise from custom and trade usage. In Broyles v. Brown Engineering Co., 275 Ala. 35, 151 So.2d 767 (1963), we stated:

An implied contract arises where there are circumstances which, according to the ordinary course of dealing and common understanding, show a mutual intent to contract. Such a contract must contain all the elements of an express contract, which rests on consent, and is to every intent and purpose an agreement between the parties, and it cannot be found to exist unless a contract status is shown.

Moreover, we have repeatedly recognized that the only difference between an implied contract and an express contract is the mode of proof. E. g., Gilbert v. Gwin-McCollum Funeral Home, 268 Ala. 372, 106 So.2d 646 (1958).

The record contains testimony, representative of both lender and seller, concerning the customary use and effect of the lienholder's copy of the application for certificate of title in the ordinary course of dealing within the automobile financing business in the surrounding geographical area where the complained of transaction occurred. Pursuant to Code 1975, § 32-8-36, if the automobile is purchased from a dealer, the lienholder's copy contains: (1) a description of the vehicle; (2) the name and signature of the dealer; (3) the name of the lienholder; and (4) the name and signature of the purchaser/owner. When the transaction has been completed, the application is then sent to the State revenue department.

In the instant case, the lienholder's copy, which First State received from Tim Williamson, contained all of the above mentioned information. Furthermore, there was ample evidence from which the jury could infer that the preparation of the application by Freeman Motors and the presentation of the document to First State by Williamson was standard procedure for obtaining bank financing. Even the employee who signed the application on behalf of the dealership testified that he was aware that banks required the completed application prior to extending automobile loans.

As we stated earlier, an implied contract must contain all...