Gallegos v. Malco Enterprises of Nev. Inc.

• Decision Date: 04 August 2011
• Docket Number: No. 55633.,55633.
• Citation: Gallegos v. Malco Enterprises of Nev. Inc., 255 P.3d 1287, 127 Nev. Adv. Op. 51 (Nev. 2011)
• Parties: Pedro T. GALLEGOS, Individually and as Assignee of David Gonzalez; and David Gonzalez, Individually and as Assignor, Appellants,v.MALCO ENTERPRISES OF NEVADA, INC., d/b/a Budget Rent A Car Las Vegas; Knight Management Insurance Services, LLC; and First American Property and Casualty Insurance Company, Respondents.
• Court: Nevada Supreme Court

255 P.3d 1287

127 Nev. Adv. Op. 51

Pedro T. GALLEGOS, Individually and as Assignee of David Gonzalez; and David Gonzalez, Individually and as Assignor, Appellants,

v.MALCO ENTERPRISES OF NEVADA, INC., d/b/a Budget Rent A Car Las Vegas; Knight Management Insurance Services, LLC; and First American Property and Casualty Insurance Company, Respondents.

No. 55633.

Supreme Court of Nevada.

Aug. 4, 2011.

Lewis & Roca LLP and Daniel F. Polsenberg and Joel D. Henriod, Las Vegas; Porter & Terry, LLC, and Richard T. Terry, Las Vegas, for Appellants.Snell & Wilmer, LLP, and Justin L. Carley, Las Vegas, for Respondents.BEFORE SAITTA, HARDESTY and PARRAGUIRRE, JJ.

OPINION

By the Court, PARRAGUIRRE, J.:

In this opinion, we clarify that rights of action held by a judgment debtor are subject to execution toward satisfaction of a judgment under NRS 21.080, and may be judicially assigned pursuant to NRS 21.320.Because, in this case, appellantPedro Gallegos properly asserted a right of action assigned to him by another district court, we conclude that the district court in the instant action erred in determining that he lacked standing to bring the claim and in granting summary judgment to respondents on that basis.Accordingly, we reverse the district court's summary judgment and remand this matter for further proceedings.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Gallegos was injured by appellantDavid Gonzalez in a hit-and-run car accident.At the time of the accident, Gonzalez was driving a car rented from respondentMalco Enterprises of Nevada, Inc., d.b.a. Budget Rent A Car of Las Vegas.When renting the car, Gonzalez purportedly purchased a supplemental renter's liability insurance (RLI) policy from Budget.This policy was issued by respondentFirst American Property and Casualty Insurance Company, and was managed by respondentKnight Management Insurance Services, LLC.

Gallegos sued Gonzalez for injuries resulting from the accident and ultimately obtained a default judgment against him for over $400,000.Gonzalez failed to appear at scheduled judgment debtor exams, however, and Gallegos was unable to collect on the judgment.Accordingly, Gallegos sought a judicial assignment of Gonzalez's unasserted claims against respondents, which was granted.Specifically, the earlier district court assigned Gonzalez's unasserted claims for “Breach of Contract, Breach of Fiduciary Duties, [and] Breach of Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealing.”The assigned claims related to Gonzalez's insurance policy with respondents.

Gallegos then brought the assigned claims against respondents in a separate district court action.¹Respondents moved for summary judgment on the basis that the previous district court could not assign the right of action in a proceeding supplementary to the execution of the judgment and, thus, Gallegos lacked standing to bring Gonzalez's claims against respondents, among other things.The district court in the underlying action concluded that the previous district court's assignment order was invalid and thus granted respondents' motion for summary judgment, vacating the earlier assignment order.This appeal followed.

DISCUSSION

On appeal, appellants argue that the district court erred in granting summary judgment because Gonzalez's right of action was judicially assigned to Gallegos in the proceedings supplementary to the execution of his judgment against Gonzalez.²We review this issue de novo.SeeState, Div. of Insurance v. State Farm,116 Nev. 290, 293, 995 P.2d 482, 484(2000)(reviewing questions of law de novo);Wood v. Safeway, Inc.,121 Nev. 724, 729, 121 P.3d 1026, 1029(2005)(reviewing a district court's grant of summary judgment de novo).

To resolve this appeal, we must determine whether a right of action held by a judgment debtor is property that can be judicially assigned in a proceeding supplementary to the execution of a judgment.Nevada's statutory scheme regarding enforcement of judgments is laid out in NRS Chapter 21.³NRS 21.320 provides that a district court“may order any property of the judgment debtor not exempt from execution ... to be applied toward the satisfaction of the judgment.”Accordingly, so long as a right of action is “property ... not exempt from execution,” it may be judicially assigned in satisfaction of a judgment.NRS 21.320.

To help us determine whether a right of action is “property ... not exempt from execution,”we turn to NRS 21.080(1).That statute provides that: “[a]ll goods, chattels, money and other property, real and personal, of the judgment debtor, or any interest therein of the judgment debtor not exempt by law, and all property and rights of property seized and held under attachment in the action, are liable to execution.”NRS 21.080(1).NRS 10.045 further defines “[p]ersonal property” as including “money, goods, chattels, things in action and evidences of debt.”(Emphasis added.)See alsoNRS 10.010(providing that the definition used in NRS 10.045 applies to the entire statutory title, including NRS 21.080).A “thing in action,” alternatively referred to as a “chose in action,” is defined as a “right to bring an action to recover a debt, money, or thing.”Black's Law Dictionary 1617, 275 (9th ed. 2009).

Based on the above statutory authority, we conclude that rights of action held by a judgment debtor are personal property subject to execution in satisfaction of a judgment.

This conclusion finds support in caselaw.First, interpreting a right of action as personal property subject to execution accords with this state's general policy that statutes specifying the kinds of property that are subject to execution “must be liberally construed” for the judgment creditor's benefit.Sportsco Enter. v. Morris,112 Nev. 625, 630, 917 P.2d 934, 937(1996).Second, our decision finds...