Gartner v. Lombard Bros.
| Decision Date | 29 May 1952 |
| Docket Number | No. 10663.,10663. |
| Parties | GARTNER v. LOMBARD BROS., Inc. (E. I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS CO., third party defendant). |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit |
John J. McDevitt, 3d, Philadelphia, Pa. (Albert C. Gekoski, Peter P. Liebert, 3rd., Philadelphia, Pa., on the brief), for appellant.
Sydney L. Wickenhaver, Philadelphia, Pa. (Charles A. Wolfe, Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, Philadelphia, Pa., on the brief), for appellee.
Before GOODRICH, KALODNER and HASTIE, Circuit Judges.
This case involves the correctness of the dismissal of a third-party defendant.
The plaintiff sued defendant Lombard Brothers for damages occasioned by the death of her husband. She alleged that the defendant struck and killed the decedent while the latter was unloading a truck on the premises of the E. I. DuPont deNemours Company in Philadelphia. The defendant brought in E. I. DuPont deNemours and Company as a third-party defendant under Rule 14, Fed.R.Civ.P., 28 U.S.C.1 DuPont objected that the third-party complaint did not state a claim for which relief could be granted against it. The trial judge agreed. The correctness of his dismissal is now before us.
At the start it should be said that the defendant cannot change the action of the plaintiff from one against it to one against somebody else. If the plaintiff makes out a case for recovery for negligence against the defendant, the fact that others might also be liable if the plaintiff had sued them does not defeat the plaintiff's action. It is no defense for one tort-feasor to say that someone else was a wrongdoer too.2
The question is, however, whether Lombard has made out, in its pleadings, a case on which, if the facts are developed, it could recover all or part from DuPont of what it may be called upon to pay Gartner. The Pennsylvania statute provides:
"Contribution shall be enforcible among those who are jointly or severally liable for a tort where, as between them, such liabilities are either all primary or all secondary." 1939, June 24, P.L. 1075, § 1, 12 Purdon\'s Pa. Stat.Ann. § 2081.
If the facts, as developed, could show both Lombard and DuPont to be tort-feasors and both "primarily" liable, it could well be that the case would be one for contribution under the Pennsylvania statute. It is Pennsylvania law which governs here.
Here is what the defendant's amended third-party complaint stated:
This statement, for the purpose of considering the problem at this stage of the litigation, must be taken as true. The theory is that DuPont, a possessor of land, has been guilty of negligence in failing to provide traffic direction at a place where there are a large number of vehicles and where difficulty is to be expected unless such direction is provided. DuPont says that even if a traffic officer had been assigned to the job he might have been somewhere else when this particular accident occurred. Of course he might have been. He also might have been on the job directing Lombard's truck so that it would not crash into the driver of another vehicle rightfully on the premises. That is something that cannot possibly be known until the facts are developed on a trial.
The duty of the proprietor of business premises to use reasonable care...
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