Gay v. Preferred Risk Mut. Ins. Co.

• Decision Date: 31 January 1974
• Docket Number: No. 6475,6475
• Citation: Gay v. Preferred Risk Mut. Ins. Co., 114 N.H. 11, 314 A.2d 644 (N.H. 1974)
• Parties: Raymond A. GAY v. PREFERRED RISK MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY.
• Court: New Hampshire Supreme Court

Page 644

314 A.2d 644

114 N.H. 11

Raymond A. GAY v. PREFERRED RISK MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY.

No. 6475.

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

Jan. 31, 1974.

Hanrahan & Flynn and John C. Emery, Manchester (John W. Hanrahan, Manchester, orally), for plaintiff.

Devine, Millimet, Stahl & Branch, Stephen J. Spielman, Manchester, and John T. Broderick, J., Wakefield (Broderick, orally), for defendant.

KENISON, Chief Justice.

Petition for declaratory judgment to determine coverage under the uninsured motorist endorsement to an insurance policy issued to the plaintiff by the defendant in New Hampshire. The question is whether the endorsement applies to an accident which occurred in Massachusetts involving the plaintiff and a Massachusetts automobile owner, who was covered by the minimum insurance required in that State, but which was less than that required in New Hampshire at the time of the accident. An agreed statement of facts was submitted to the Trial Court (Batchelder, J.) and a verdict was rendered for the plaintiff. The trial court denied the defendant's request for certain findings of facts and rulings of law and its motion to set aside the verdict as being against the law and facts and enter judgment in its favor, and reserved and transferred its exceptions thereto.

On November 29, 1963, the plaintiff was injured in an automobile accident in Methuen, Massachusetts involving a car owned by James Belfiore of Massachusetts and operated by Maria B. Borowski, also of Massachusetts, who was killed by the collision. The plaintiff was insured under a policy which included an uninsured motorist endorsement for bodily injury in the amount of $10,000 for each person, $20,000 for each accident. The endorsement defined an 'uninsured automobile' as 'an automobile with respect to the ownership, maintenance or use of which there is no bodily injury liability bond or insurance policy applicable at the time of accident . . .' and contained typical 'other insurance' and 'subrogation' clauses, none of which are applicable to the present case. Although Borowski had no insurance coverage at the time of the accident, Belfiore had obtained a policy providing the minimum coverage required in Massachusetts for bodily injury in the amount of $5,000 for each person, $10,000 for each accident.

A claim was presented by the plaintiff to the defendant stating that in view of the fact that Belfiore's policy did not meet the New Hampshire minimum requirements, he was entitled to uninsured motorist coverage. The defendant took the position that the uninsured motorist endorsement did not apply because the Belfiore automobile had insurance, even though it was below the minimum required in New Hampshire, and declared as a consequence that the plaintiff need not comply with various conditions set forth in the policy. The plaintiff entered a suit against the estate of Borowski to recover damages for his personal injuries and agreed to settle with Belfiore's insurer in the amount of $4,750 on a covenant not to sue Belfiore. The plaintiff notified the defendant of what he had done and drew its attention to a recent New Hampshire decision, Carrignan v. Allstate Ins. Co., 108 N.H. 131, 229 A.2d 179 (1967), which held that the definition of an uninsured motorist did not exclude an out-of-State motorist insured under the minimum limits of this State. The defendant responded that Carrignan was not controlling because in that case the accident occurred in New Hampshire and warned that the previous correspondence was not to be construed as a waiver of any provisions under the policy.

The plaintiff eventually obtained a judgment in the sum of $16,155.10 against the Borowski estate, but was unable to recover any portion of it. Since he had received only $4,750 in settlement from Belfiore, his outstanding claim was $11,405.10. Accordingly, he requested compensation under the uninsured motorist endorsement for this latter amount, but the defendant has refused to satisfy his claim.

The primary question raised by this action concerns the scope of the Carrignan decision. In that case the uninsured motorist endorsement, limiting coverage to accidents involving automobiles which had 'no bodily injury liability bond or insurance policy applicable at the time of the accident,' contained identical language to that of the endorsement in the present case. Rather than construing this phrase in isolation, this court referred to RSA 268:15, which requires minimum coverage against uninsured automobiles, and concluded that the phrase encompassed 'an uninsured automobile to the extent to which its insurance coverage falls short of the statutory limits.' 108 N.H. at 133-134, 229 A.2d at 180-181; Annot., 26 A.L.R.3d 883, § 5 (1969, Supp.1973); see RSA 268:15-a V (Supp.1973).

While as a matter of fact the accident in the Carrignan case took place in New Hampshire, we can find nothing in that opinion or RSA ch. 268 to limit the application of uninsured motorist protection to accidents occurring in this State. Compulsory uninsured motorist protection was adopted in New Hampshire in 1957 (Laws 1957, 305:8), and was designed to minimize losses to the people of this State who were involved in accidents with uninsured or financially irresponsible motorists. Charest v. Union Mut. Ins. Co., 113 N.H. --, 313 A.2d 407 (1973); Raitt v. National Grange Mut. Ins. Co., 111 N.H. 397, 399, 285 A.2d 799, 801 (1971); Maryland Cas. Co. v. Howe, 106 N.H. 422, 423-424, 213 A.2d 420, 421-422 (1965); Hein v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 106 N.H. 378, 380-381, 213 A.2d 197, 199 (1965); Drummond, Uninsured Motorist Coverage-A Suggested Approach to Consistency, Ins.L.J., 726, 740 (1969). Although there was discussion in the senate as to the advisability of making this insurance compulsory, no intent was expressed by the legislators to restrict its coverage to accidents taking place in this State. N.H.S.Jour. 1119-29 (1957). The language of RSA 268:15 likewise reveals no such purpose, and, in fact, RSA 268:16, which imposes certain mandatory provisions on insurance policies 'with respect to accidents which occur in New Hampshire,' was specifically amended to exclude its application to uninsured motorist coverage. Laws 1957, 305:9. We can see no persuasive reason why a New Hampshire motorist should be entitled to less coverage against uninsured automobiles beyond the boundaries of this State than within them, barred from recovery because of the geographical barred from recovery becasue of the geographical situs of the accident. Mission Ins. v. Brown, 63 Cal.2d 508, 510, 47 Cal.Rptr. 363, 407 P.2d 275, 276 (1965); United Services Auto Ass'n v. Porras, 214 So.2d 749 (Fla.App.1968); A. Widiss, Uninsured Motorist Coverage § 3.5 (1969); see 7 J. Applemann § 4331 (Supp.1973).

The next question raised is whether Raitt v. National Grange Mutual Insurance Co., 111 N.H. 397, 285 A.2d 799 (1971), is controlling in regard to the amount of coverage the defendant is obligated to provide under the uninsured motorist endorsement. That case, involving a factual context closely analagous to the present situation required an insurer to indemnify its insured under such an endorsement up to the statutory limit of $10,000 for damages in excess of the amount received from the tortfeasor. The plaintiff had received a settlement of $15,000 from a third-party motorist but this amount was less than his actual damages. The plaintiff's insurance company attempted to avoid liability by stating that it was only obligated to indemnify him for damages up to the $10,000 limit. Since he had received $15,000, the company argued that its duty in this respect had been...