GCI 1985-1 LTD. v. Murray Properties Partnership

• Citation: 770 F. Supp. 585
• Decision Date: 14 August 1991
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 90-B-2039.
• Parties: GCI 1985-1 LTD., a Colorado limited partnership, Plaintiff, v. The MURRAY PROPERTIES PARTNERSHIP OF DALLAS, and Merry Land & Investment Company, Inc., Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Colorado

770 F. Supp. 585

GCI 1985-1 LTD., a Colorado limited partnership, Plaintiff, v. The MURRAY PROPERTIES PARTNERSHIP OF DALLAS, and Merry Land & Investment Company, Inc., Defendants.

Civ. A. No. 90-B-2039.

United States District Court, D. Colorado.

August 14, 1991.

R. Nicholas Palmer, Palmer & Paoli, P.C., Denver, Colo., for GCI 1985-1 Ltd.

Dale A. Gaar, Gulley & Gaar, P.C., Englewood, Colo., for Murray.

David S. Steefel, Lawrence Michael Zavadil, Holme Roberts & Owen, Denver, Colo., for Merry Land.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

BABCOCK, District Judge.

On August 13, 1991, hearing was held on a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(2) filed by defendant Merry Land & Investment Company, Inc. (Merry Land). Defendant Murray Properties Partnership of Dallas (Murray Properties) has reportedly settled with plaintiff. Merry Land contends that I have no personal jurisdiction over it. In the alternative, Merry Land asks that I transfer the action to the United States District Court for the District of North Carolina. Because the Colorado long-arm statute does not reach Merry Land and exercise of personal jurisdiction over Merry Land would violate due process, I grant the motion to dismiss.

According to the complaint, this dispute arises from an agreement (agreement) to provide cable television service to Chatham Woods apartment complex in High Point, North Carolina. The agreement was originally negotiated and executed in February, 1986, by Murray Properties, the owner of Chatham Woods at the time, and Gila Communications. In October, 1986, Gila Communications assigned the agreement to plaintiff GCI 1985-1 Ltd. (GCI). NCNB Texas Bank (NCNB) foreclosed on a mortgage on Chatham Woods and became the owner of Chatham Woods in February, 1989. In January 1990, NCNB sold the apartment complex to Merry Land. Merry Land subsequently wrote to GCI terminating the agreement.

GCI filed a verified complaint in the District Court, City and County of Denver, Colorado. The action was removed to this court. In the complaint, GCI alleges that Merry Land: (1) breached the agreement; (2) interfered with contracts between GCI and tenants of Chatham Woods, and; (3) intentionally interfered with a prospective business arrangement between GCI and another provider of cable television service.

To defeat the 12(b)(2) motion, GCI need only make a prima facie case of personal jurisdiction. Kennedy v. Freeman, 919 F.2d 126, 128 (10th Cir.1990).

The plaintiff bears the burden of establishing personal jurisdiction over the defendant. Prior to trial, however, when a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction is decided on the basis of affidavits and other written materials, the plaintiff need only make a prima facia showing. The allegations in the complaint must be taken as true to the extent they are uncontroverted by the defendant's affidavits. If the parties present conflicting affidavits, all factual disputes are resolved in the plaintiff's favor, and the plaintiff's prima facie showing is sufficient notwithstanding the contrary presentation by the moving party.

Behagen v. Amateur Basketball Ass'n., 744 F.2d 731, 733 (10th Cir.1984) (citations omitted), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1010, 105 S.Ct. 1879, 85 L.Ed.2d 171 (1985); see Leidy's, Inc. v. H2O Eng'g, Inc., 811 P.2d 38, 40 (Colo.1991).

GCI must satisfy a two-prong test to make its prima facie showing that I have personal jurisdiction over Merry Land. See Schocket v. Classic Auto Sales, Inc., 817 P.2d 561 (Colo.App.1991). First, it must show that the Colorado long-arm statute, Colorado Revised Statute section 13-1-124, extends to reach Merry Land. This is a matter of Colorado state law. Taylor v. Phelan, 912 F.2d 429, 431 (10th Cir.1990), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 111 S.Ct. 786, 112 L.Ed.2d 849 (1991). Should I conclude that Colorado state law requires dismissal for lack of personal jurisdiction, then I must dismiss, for I may not exercise personal jurisdiction where Colorado state courts would not. Second, GCI must show that the requirements of the fourteenth amendment due process clause of the federal constitution are satisfied. D & D Fuller CATV Constr., Inc. v. Pace, 780 P.2d 520, 523 (Colo.1989); see Taylor, 912 F.2d at 431-32.

There are two ways to establish personal jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction may be either general or specific. General jurisdiction arises from a defendant's continuous and systematic activity in the forum state. See Rambo v. American Southern Ins. Co., 839 F.2d 1415, 1418 (10th Cir.1988); Behagen, 744 F.2d at 733. Specific jurisdiction arises in the absence of such activity and is predicated on a defendant's minimum contacts with the forum which give rise to the cause of action.

Kennedy, 919 F.2d at 128 n. 2. See Waterval v. District Court, 620 P.2d 5, 9 (Colo. 1980), cert. denied, 452 U.S. 960, 101 S.Ct. 3108, 69 L.Ed.2d 971 (1981). GCI contends that personal jurisdiction over Merry Land is found under either theory.

I. REACH OF THE COLORADO LONG-ARM STATUTE

The first inquiry is whether the Colorado long-arm statute reaches Merry Land. The jurisdiction of Colorado courts extends to any person who engages in the transaction of any business within Colorado where the cause of action arises from the transaction of the business. Colo.Rev. Stat. § 13-1-124(1)(a). The jurisdiction also extends to any person who commits a tortious act in Colorado where the cause of action arises from the tortious conduct. Colo.Rev.Stat. § 13-1-124(1)(b). GCI relies on both these subsections of the long-arm statute.

A. Transaction of Business

I employ a three-prong test to determine whether Merry Land transacted any business within Colorado:

First, the defendant must purposefully avail himself of the privilege of acting in the forum state or of causing important consequences in that state. Second, the cause of action must arise from the consequences in the forum state of the defendant's activities. Finally, the activities of the defendant or the consequences of those activities must have a substantial enough connection with the forum state to make the exercise of jurisdiction over the defendant reasonable.

Van Schaack & Co. v. District Court, 538 P.2d 425, 426 (1975); see Panos Inv. Co. v. District Court, 662 P.2d 180, 181 (Colo. 1983); Waterval, 620 P.2d at 9; Marquest Medical Prod., Inc. v. Daniel McKee & Co., 791 P.2d 14, 16 (Colo.App.1990).

Merry Land provides an affidavit from W. Tennent Houston (Houston), president and chief operating officer of Merry Land. Houston swears Merry Land (1) is a Georgia corporation with its principal place of business in Augusta, Georgia; (2) is involved in the ownership and management of apartment buildings and other real estate in Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina; (3) has never had any offices, employees or agents in Colorado; (4) has never owned any property in Colorado; (5) has never transacted any business in Colorado and is not authorized to do so; (6) has never negotiated, executed or performed any contracts in Colorado; (7) has never solicited business or advertised in Colorado; (8) has never had meetings with GCI in Colorado; (9) acquired Chatham Woods through a transaction made completely outside Colorado; (10) did not know of the GCI agreement; (11) did not intend to assume any obligation of the agreement; and (12) contacted with the other cable television provider in North Carolina and Connecticut.

GCI does not contest any of Houston's averments. Rather, to establish that Merry Land transacted business in Colorado, GCI relies the affidavit from Charles Grover, a corporate officer of Gila when the agreement was negotiated and executed. Grover swears that (1) Gila negotiated the agreement in Colorado with two representatives from Murray Properties; (2) before negotiating the agreement, Murray Management Corporation, an affiliate of Murray Properties, negotiated and executed a similar agreement for an apartment complex in Colorado; (3) during the negotiations, Murray Properties representatives claimed to be developing a building in the Denver Tech Center as evidence of the financial stability of Murray Properties; (4) the agreement contains a Colorado choice-of-law clause; (5) Murray approved of Gila's assignment of rights to GCI; (6) all repair and installation calls from Chatham Woods were made to Colorado; (7) all payments for cable television service were sent to Colorado; (8) royalty payments made pursuant to the agreement were paid from Colorado; and (9) all payment and programming decisions were made in Colorado.

In conjunction with this affidavit, GCI relies on the proposed fiction that by purchasing Chatham Woods from NCNB, Merry Land assumed Murray Properties' contacts with Colorado. I reject this argument and conclude that GCI fails to support jurisdiction under the "transaction of any business" clause of the Colorado Longarm statute.

First, Merry Land did not negotiate the agreement or execute the agreement at all, much less do so in Colorado. Ruggieri v. General Well Serv., Inc., 535 F.Supp. 525, 532 (D.Colo.1982). To the extent that Merry Land may be said to have assumed or been assigned the obligations of the agreement, the assumption or assignment took place outside Colorado when Merry Land purchased Chatham Woods from NCNB. Furthermore, it is undisputed that at the time Merry Land purchased Chatham Woods, Merry Land did not know of the agreement.

Although I consider the choice-of-law clause a factor weighing in favor of finding implied consent to jurisdiction, it is but one factor to be considered. Stuart v. Spademan, 772 F.2d 1185, 1195 (5th Cir. 1985); see also Shepard's McGraw Hill, Inc. v. Legalsoft Corp., 769 F.Supp. 1161, 1164-65 (D.Colo.1991). The clause alone does not subject Merry Land to the personal jurisdiction of this court. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 481-82, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 2186-87, 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (1985). Unlike a forum selection provision, the...