Geiger v. Department of Revenue

• Decision Date: 08 September 1993
• Docket Number: No. 92-570,92-570
• Citation: 858 P.2d 1250,260 Mont. 294
• Parties: Augusta GEIGER, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. The DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE of the State of Montana, Defendant and Respondent.
• Court: Montana Supreme Court

Page 1250

858 P.2d 1250

260 Mont. 294

Augusta GEIGER, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. The DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE of the State of Montana, Defendant

and Respondent.

No. 92-570.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted on Briefs April 15, 1993.

Decided Sept. 8, 1993.

John Houtz, Atty. at Law, Forsyth, for plaintiff and appellant.

W. Anderson Forsythe and Martha Sheehy, Moulton, Bellingham, Longo & Mather, Billings, for defendant and respondent.

HUNT, Justice.

Appellant Augusta Geiger appeals from an order of the Montana Seventh Judicial District Court, Dawson County, granting the Department of Revenue's motion for directed verdict following Geiger's presentation of her case in chief to the jury. In its order, the Court ruled that the DOR could not be found liable for negligent business decisions.

We affirm the District Court's conclusion, but do so on different grounds.

We determine the dispositive issue to be as follows:

What duty did the DOR owe plaintiff in operating the Assessor's Office in Dawson County, Montana?

Augusta Geiger began working in the Dawson County Assessor's Office in 1955, and was elected Dawson County Assessor in 1978. She was reelected to the position in 1982 after running against Terry Cantwell, an employee in the Assessor's Office. On February 24, 1984, Geiger resigned from her elected position.

This case arises out of three incidents which occurred during Geiger's second term as Dawson County Assessor and which she alleges caused her to resign. The first incident occurred after the second election. Geiger's and Cantwell's working relationship deteriorated to such a degree that Geiger only communicated to Cantwell by written correspondence, although they worked in the same office. Geiger believed that Cantwell's work performance was poor and requested Jesse Munro (Bureau Chief and Geiger's immediate supervisor at DOR) to speak with Cantwell. Munro responded by letter stating that given Geiger's failure to follow the proper methods for disciplining and dismissal, it would not be appropriate to discipline or fire Cantwell. Cantwell quit her job in January 1983.

The second incident occurred when the Dawson County Assessor's Office became computerized in the early part of 1983. Because of problems stemming from computerization and a cutback in employees, the office began to fall behind in its work. Geiger requested additional help from Munro in order for the office to meet its deadlines. Munro denied the request. Geiger then called the Director of the DOR. As a result of that telephone call for more help, the DOR temporarily assigned the Cascade County Assessor to the Dawson County office. During the two-month period the Cascade County Assessor worked in the Dawson County office, the DOR suspended Geiger's authority to hire and fire state employees and transferred it to the Cascade County Assessor. After the Cascade County Assessor completed the required work, he left and the DOR restored Geiger's authority, with the exception that she could not hire and fire state employees. Geiger testified that the Cascade County Assessor's presence in the office was part of the problem resulting in her resignation.

The third incident was the DOR's audit of the Dawson County office. The audit occurred in September 1983. The report identified several problems with the Dawson County office, including violations of state law, administrative rules, and DOR policy. The audit report consisted of 118 pages which pointed to problems in the office and suggested various solutions to correct personnel problems and meet assessment deadlines as required by law. Because of these incidents, Geiger resigned her elected office.

On September 4, 1984, Geiger filed a complaint in Dawson County District Court against the DOR. The District Court dismissed the Dawson County Commissioners from this action on July 7, 1988. The dismissal occurred because of the Dawson County Commissioners' successful appeal in Cantwell v. Geiger (1987), 228 Mont. 330, 742 P.2d 468. On September 27, 1990, the District Court granted the DOR's motion to dismiss, based upon the pleadings. On August 27, 1991, in an unpublished opinion, 249 Mont. 540, 815 P.2d 1160, this Court reversed and remanded the District Court's order.

On April 27, 1992, the District Court granted the DOR partial summary judgment by dismissing Geiger's claim for constructive discharge. The District Court allowed Geiger's claim to proceed because she alleged the DOR was negligent in its management of the Dawson County Assessor's Office.

Jury trial was held on June 24 and 25, 1992. The court granted the DOR's motion for a directed verdict following the presentation of Geiger's case-in-chief. Geiger appeals.

What duty did the DOR owe plaintiff in operating the Assessor's Office in Dawson County, Montana?

Generally, the State is subject to suit and is liable for its torts. Mont. Const. art. II, § 18 (1972); § 2-9-102, MCA. A fundamental tenet in the law of torts is that " 'there can be no negligence if no duty exists.' " Quirin v. Weinberg (1992), 252 Mont. 386, 391, 830 P.2d 537, 539 (quoting Ambrogini v. Todd (1982), 197 Mont. 111, 118, 642 P.2d 1013, 1017). The tort of negligence arises when a person has a legally recognized duty, the person breaches that duty, the breach of the duty acts as a legal cause of another's injury, and the injury results in actual loss or damage. Thornock v. State (1987), 229 Mont. 67, 72, 745 P.2d 324, 327. We have stated that "[w]hether or not a duty exists is a question of law. When reviewing questions of law, we will determine if the trial court's determination as to the law is correct. Our review will be plenary." Quirin, 830 P.2d at 540.

We affirm the decision of the District Court but on different grounds--namely that Geiger failed to establish a prima facie case for negligence because she failed to establish that the DOR owed her a duty. Where the conclusion of the district court is correct, it is immaterial, for the purpose of affirmance on appeal, what reasons the district court gives for its conclusion. Bolz v. Myers (1982), 200 Mont. 286, 295-96, 651 P.2d 606, 611.

Geiger alleges that the DOR was negligent in failing to provide personnel when requested, that it improperly supervised its employee Cantwell, that the DOR improperly investigated complaints made by Cantwell, and that the DOR acted unlawfully by suspending Geiger's authority...