Ginsberg v. Hontas

• Decision Date: 08 June 1989
• Docket Number: No. 88-CA-2326,88-CA-2326
• Citation: Ginsberg v. Hontas, 545 So.2d 1154 (La. App. 1989)
• Parties: Dr. Harley GINSBERG v. Dr. Mark HONTAS and ABC Insurance Company.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana

Page 1154

545 So.2d 1154

Dr. Harley GINSBERG v. Dr. Mark HONTAS and ABC Insurance Company.

No. 88-CA-2326.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana Fourth Circuit.

June 8, 1989.

Bruce C. Walzter, Paul S. Weidenfeld, New Orleans, for plaintiff-appellant Dr. Harry Ginsberg.

Basile J. Uddo, S.C. Garcia, III, Covington, for defendant-appellee Dr. Mark Hontas.

Before GARRISON, KLEES and WILLIAMS, JJ.

KLEES, Judge.

Plaintiff appeals the dismissal of this personal injury suit after the trial court found in favor of the defendant. We affirm.

This case arises out of an accident which occurred during a recreational softball game at City Park in New Orleans between faculty, staff and residents from Tulane Medical School on June 2, 1985. The game was officiated by one umpire who was applying major league rules, which included the allowance of sliding. At the time of the accident, plaintiff, Dr. Harley Ginsberg, played the short-stop position and defendant, Dr. Mark Hontas, was at bat. Defendant hit the ball into right field and ran to first base. Upon seeing that the right fielder had trouble catching the ball, defendant proceeded toward second base. Plaintiff was covering second base straddling the bag with his left foot on the left field side, his right foot on second base and the back-half of his left foot in the base line, awaiting the throw from the right fielder. Realizing that it was going to be a close play, defendant attempted to slide to reach second base. As plaintiff attempted to tag the defendant, a collision occurred between them. As a result, plaintiff fractured his right leg which required two operations, hospitalization, a cast and physical therapy.

Plaintiff filed suit against the defendant seeking to recover damages he sustained as a result of the accident. After a trial on the merits, the trial judge dismisssed the case finding that the plaintiff failed to prove that the defendant acted negligently and that the plaintiff assumed the inherent risks of injury associated with participating in the ball game.

Louisiana jurisprudence dictates that in a tort action courts are to apply a "duty risk" analysis to determine whether a defendant's conduct was the legal cause of the plaintiff's injury. Hill v. Lundin & Associates, Inc., 260 La. 542, 256 So.2d 620 (1972). Under a duty risk analysis, there are the following inquiries: (1) What, if any, duty was owed by the defendant to the plaintiff? (2) Was there a breach of the duty? (3) Was that breach a substantial cause in fact of the injury? (4) Was the risk and harm within the scope of the protection afforded by the duty breached? Jones v. Robbins, 289 So.2d 104 (La.1974); Hill v. Lundin & Associates, Inc., supra.; Annis v. Shapiro, 517 So.2d 1237 (La. 4th Cir.1987). Whether a defendant owes a plaintiff a legal duty is a question of law. Whether a defendant has breached a duty owed is a question of fact. Chavez v. Nobel Drilling Corp., 567 F.2d 287 (5th Cir.1978).

The duty owed by the defendant in the instant matter is a common duty, the duty to act reasonably under the circumstances. In this softball game defendant owed plaintiff the duty to act reasonably, that is, to play fairly according to the rules of the game and to refrain from any wanton, reckless conduct likely to result in harm or injury to another.

Under a duty risk analysis, plaintiff bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant violated an imposed duty and acted unreasonably causing injury. Blanchard v. Riley Stoker Corp., 492 So.2d 1236 (La.App. 4th Cir.1986).

On appeal, plaintiff contends that the defendant acted unreasonably by sliding not head first into second base but rather throwing a roll block or cross body block while attempting to reach the base.

The basis of plaintiff's case is a photograph introduced into evidence marked plaintiff's exhibit no. 1. The photograph was taken during the ball game and depicts the play in question at the time of impact. Mr. Don Moreau, an umpire and baseball coach testified on behalf of the plaintiff. He testified that as an umpire he officiated softball games pursuant to major league rules. He testified that a roll block and a side block would be prohibited in sliding but a head first slide into second base would be permitted. Mr. Moreau opined that from his view of the photograph, the defendant slid into second base by way of a body block rather than a head first slide.

Dr. William Gill, head of the Neonatology Department at Tulane, also testified on behalf of the plaintiff. He testified that he was the pitcher for the plaintiff's team when the accident occurred. Dr. Gill stated that the defendant slid into second base in a position that he best described as a body block. He said that it was not a slide per se in that the defendant made no body contact with the ground either sliding head or feet first. In describing the defendant's sliding technique, Dr. Gill stated the defendant went into second base sideways with his head pointed toward third base. He further testified that when the two players made actual contact, the defendant's body had not yet touched the ground. When they collided the plaintiff's body fell across the defendant's body, falling in the direction of...