Goetzman, In re
| Decision Date | 07 August 1996 |
| Docket Number | No. 95-3470,95-3470 |
| Citation | 91 F.3d 1173 |
| Parties | In re James O. GOETZMAN; Georgiann Goetzman, Debtors. James O. GOETZMAN; Georgiann Goetzman, Plaintiffs--Appellants, v. AGRIBANK, FCB; formerly known as Federal Land Bank of St. Paul, formerly known as Farm Credit Bank of St. Paul, Defendant--Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit |
Lawrence Herman Crosby, St. Paul, MN, argued, for appellant.
Jeffry C. Baegelmann, New Ulm, MN, argued, for appellee.
Before BEAM and HEANEY, Circuit Judges, and BOGUE, * Senior District Judge.
James and Georgiann Goetzman (Goetzmans) appeal the district court's 1 order affirming the Bankruptcy Court's dismissal of the Goetzmans' adversary complaint. Because we find the bankruptcy court was without subject matter jurisdiction to hear the matter, we affirm. 2
The Goetzmans owned a farm in Renville County, Minnesota. In 1983, they signed a promissory note secured by a mortgage on the farm in favor of Agribank, FCB, f/k/a/ Federal Land Bank of St. Paul, f/k/a Farm Credit Bank of St. Paul (Agribank). In February, 1987, the Goetzmans submitted a plan of reorganization under Chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code. The loan obligation was renegotiated and the parties executed a stipulation in June 12, 1987, which was made part of the Goetzmans' plan of reorganization. The stipulation divided the mortgage debt into two separate loans: Loan No. 1 with a principal amount of $365,000.00, and Loan No. 2 with a principal amount of $216,387.00. The stipulation provided both loans were secured by the mortgage previously given on the farm.
Agribank forgave the remaining amount of Goetzmans' debt and the stipulation included a provision that allowed the Goetzmans to reduce the amount due on Loan No. 2 by making payments for Loan No. 1 on or before the dates the payments were due. Regarding the debt owed by the Goetzmans to AgriBank, the reorganization plan provided as follows:
[AgriBank] has a total claim for principal and interest through May 31, 1987 of $760,615.00 The claim is secured by a perfected interest in Debtor's real property,.... [AgriBank's] claim will be paid in accordance with the attached Stipulation and Addendum to Stipulation. The value of collateral ... securing the ... claim is $370,000.00. [AgriBank] will have an unsecured claim for the balance of their claim. Any payments received by [AgriBank] on account of its unsecured claim will be applied towards the principal balance of Loan No. 1 as described in the attached stipulation....
The reorganization plan was confirmed by order of the bankruptcy court on June 18, 1987. On March 13, 1991, the bankruptcy judge ordered the Chapter 12 case closed and dismissed the trustee, thereby concluding the bankruptcy. The bankruptcy court's order, inter alia, discharged "all debts dischargeable under 11 U.S.C. § 1228(a)," rendered void any judgment thereafter obtained determining the personal liability of the debtors with respect to any discharged debt, and enjoined creditors from commencing any action to collect or recover any discharged debt.
A dispute subsequently arose between the Goetzmans and Agribank as to the amount owed under the mortgage and stipulation. In June 1992, the Goetzmans tendered a check to Agribank for $339,994.40 which they claimed satisfied the entirety of their obligation. Agribank rejected the tender because it claimed the amount the Goetzmans were offering was not sufficient to satisfy the mortgage debt under the terms of the stipulation. The Goetzmans then filed a lawsuit in Minnesota state court for specific performance of the stipulation terms and sought an order directing AgriBank to accept the tendered payment as payment in full. Agribank, in turn, filed its own state court action seeking to foreclose the mortgage. The cases were consolidated for trial with the essential disputed issue being the amount the Goetzmans owed under the mortgage. 3
The bankruptcy issue was brought up on the eve of the state court trial by way of a motion in limine filed by the Goetzmans asking the trial court to stay the proceedings pending an interpretation by the bankruptcy court of its order discharging the Goetzmans' personal indebtedness. The trial court denied the motion, apparently finding the matter irrelevant and proceeded with trial. Following the jury trial, the state court entered findings and conclusions on February 8, 1994, specifically finding the total indebtedness at the time of the trial was $741,627.30. Prior to entry of final judgment, the trial court allowed the Goetzmans thirty days in which to apply to the United States Bankruptcy Court for an interpretation of the bankruptcy court's order discharging the unsecured debt. The state trial court entered judgment in favor of AgriBank on March 10, 1994, apparently without notification from the Goetzmans or the bankruptcy court that a different course was warranted.
The Goetzmans appealed the state court judgment to the Minnesota Court of Appeals, which affirmed the trial court in an unpublished opinion. The appellate court made reference to the bankruptcy issue by noting that "[o]n the eve of oral argument, Goetzmans moved this court to stay these proceedings pending the decision in their declaratory judgment action in the United States Bankruptcy Court." Appellant's Appendix at 77. The court denied the belated motion because the "appeal was fully briefed and AgriBank was ready to present its oral argument." The Goetzmans appealed their case to the Supreme Court of Minnesota, which declined further review.
Following entry of final judgment in state district court, and during the pendency of the state appeal, the Goetzman's filed an adversary complaint in the United States Bankruptcy Court on August 30, 1994. The complaint ultimately sought a determination regarding "the amount of the real estate lien represented by the unsecured portion of the lien and subsequently discharged in the underlying Goetzman bankruptcy discharge." The bankruptcy court, in an oral disposition, determined it had subject matter jurisdiction to resolve the issues presented, at least concurrently with the state court. The bankruptcy court presumed its jurisdiction was based on 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b), the court feeling that the action arose under or was related to a case arising under Title 11.
The bankruptcy court then addressed whether the state court action "collaterally estopped" the plaintiff's from pursuing its claim in the federal forum or whether the state court action served as "res judicata" on the issues presented. Regarding the state court action, the bankruptcy court noted that "... fundamentally, the issue became what was the amount of debt and is that secured by the property." Given that the issue in state court was the amount of the debt, decided against the Goetzmans, the court dismissed the complaint on the grounds that it failed to state a claim on which relief can be granted.
The district court reversed in part, holding the bankruptcy court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. The court determined that regardless of how the adversary complaint was postured, what the Goetzmans actually sought was federal review of state court determinations. The district court dismissed the case on the authority of Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413, 416, 44 S.Ct. 149, 150, 68 L.Ed. 362 (1923), and District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 476, 103 S.Ct. 1303, 1311, 75 L.Ed.2d 206 (1983), which direct that lower federal courts do not have subject matter jurisdiction over challenges to state court decisions in judicial proceedings. 4
The Goetzmans appeal arguing the district court erred in holding the bankruptcy court did not have subject matter jurisdiction over their adversary complaint. The existence of subject matter jurisdiction in federal court is a question of law that we review de novo. Keene Corp. v. Cass, 908 F.2d 293, 296 (8th Cir.1990) citing, Schmidt v. United States, 901 F.2d 680, 683 (8th Cir.1990). Because we find the Goetzmans' federal action prohibited under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, we affirm the district court.
Initially it should be noted that preclusion (relied on by the bankruptcy court) and the Rooker-Feldman doctrine (relied upon by the district court) are closely related legal concepts. Charchenko v. City of Stillwater, 47 F.3d 981, 983 n. 1 (8th Cir.1995) ); Bryant v. Sylvester, 57 F.3d 308, 312 (3rd Cir.1995) (); Valenti v. Mitchell, 962 F.2d 288, 297 (3rd Cir.1992) (). Although the bankruptcy court below appeared to base its decision on the grounds of preclusion, many of the concerns espoused by the court highlight the reasoning behind the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. 5
Under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, lower federal courts lack jurisdiction to engage in appellate review of state court determinations. Keene Corp. v. Cass, 908 F.2d 293, 296 (8th Cir.1990) (citations omitted). Although the state and...
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