Gomber v. Dutch Maid Dairy Farms, Inc.

• Decision Date: 29 August 1972
• Docket Number: Docket Nos. 12112,12113,No. 3,3
• Citation: 202 N.W.2d 566,42 Mich.App. 505
• Parties: Lyle GOMBER and Bertha Gomber, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. DUTCH MAID DAIRY FARMS, INC., Defendant-Appellant, and Fred Remus McFarland, Defendant. Lyle GOMBER and Bertha Gomber, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. DUTCH MAID DAIRY FARMS, INC., Defendant-Appellee, and Fred Remus McFarland, Defendant
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 566

202 N.W.2d 566

42 Mich.App. 505

Lyle GOMBER and Bertha Gomber, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. DUTCH MAID DAIRY FARMS, INC., Defendant-Appellant, and Fred Remus McFarland, Defendant.

Lyle GOMBER and Bertha Gomber, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. DUTCH MAID DAIRY FARMS, INC., Defendant-Appellee, and Fred Remus McFarland, Defendant.

Docket Nos. 12112, 12113.

Court of Appeals of Michigan, Division No. 3.

Aug. 29, 1972.

Released for Publication Dec. 8, 1972.

Leave to Appeal Denied Dec. 26, 1972.

Edward D. Wells, Cholette, Perkins & Buchanan, Grand Rapids, for defendant-appellant.

John B. Nahan, Allegan, for plaintiffs-appellees.

Before T. M. BURNS, P.J., and HOLBROOK and BORRADAILE, ^* JJ.

HOLBROOK, Judge.

This case involves the question of whether certain findings of an Allegan County Circuit Court jury are Res judicata as to issues raised in an action subsequently brought in Kalamazoo County Circuit Court. The facts are taken from the 'concise statement of facts and proceedings' certified by the trial judge in the Kalamazoo court.

On September 8, 1967 at approximately 6:20 a.m., plaintiff herein, Lyle Gomber, was proceeding to work in his automobile in an easterly direction on highway M--89 about 4 miles east of Allegan, Michigan. One Thomas R. Wuis was riding with plaintiff as a share-the-ride passenger. It is conceded that Wuis was not a guest passenger.

At the aforementioned time and place, defendant Dutch Maid Dairy Farms, Inc.'s milk delivery truck, operated by its employee Fred McFarland within the course of his employment, while traveling westerly on highway M--89, turned left off the highway into the Westgate Farm. A collision between the plaintiffs' automobile and defendant Dutch Maid's dairy truck resulted in Wuis and plaintiff Gomber suffering injuries.

In an action brought by Wuis in Allegan County Circuit Court against defendant Dutch Maid, Wuis claimed that defendant Dutch Maid was guilty of actionable negligence in that its employee McFarland (who, while being a named defendant, was not served in either the Allegan County case or the subsequent Kalamazoo case) negligently turned or drove the dairy truck into the left side or south half of the traveled portion of M--89 in front of and into the path of Lyle Gomber. Defendant Dutch Maid claimed that after its employee had started his turn, the automobile driven by Lyle Gomber came over a hill at a high and excessive speed and struck the milk truck. Pursuant to GCR 1963, 204, defendant Dutch Maid added Lyle Gomber as a third-party defendant under the theory that if it were adjudged negligent, Gomber was also negligent and liable for contribution. Third-party defendant Gomber denied any excessive speed on his part and claimed that he had driven his automobile out of the southerly lane of the highway and onto the southerly shoulder in order to avoid colliding with the dairy truck. In so doing, he collided with a concrete culvert at the driveway where the truck had turned and then into the side of the dairy truck.

The Allegan County Circuit Court jury rendered a verdict in favor of Wuis, passenger in Lyle Gomber's automobile, against defendant Dutch Maid and a verdict of no cause of action in favor of third party defendant Gomber.

Subsequently, plaintiffs herein, Lyle and Bertha Gomber, filed suit in Kalamazoo Circuit Court against defendant Dutch Maid for injuries sustained in the aforementioned collision. Pursuant to an issue raised at pretrial, plaintiffs filed an answer to defendant Dutch Maid's affirmative defense of contributory negligence alleging that the findings of the Allegan Circuit Court jury are Res judicata in the instant case.

The Kalamazoo Circuit Court entered an order adjudging that the defendant Dutch Maid's negligence as found in the Allegan County case was Res judicata and that the issue of the plaintiffs' driver Gomber's contributory negligence was for the jury. From this order, both defendant and plaintiff appeal.

I.

We first consider the issue of whether the finding of the Allegan County jury of no cause of action against third party plaintiff Dutch Maid and in favor of third-party defendant Lyle Gomber is Res judicata as to the issue of Lyle Gomber's contributory negligence in the instant case.

The opinion of the Kalamazoo trial court included the following:

'The question of contributory negligence on the part of Lyle Gomber has not been determined and remains to be determined in this case as well as the question of damages.

'In the Allegan suit Gomber, the third-party defendant, could have asserted any defenses the defendant Dutch Maid Dairy had in the suit by the guest passenger, but of course, the issue of contributory negligence was not involved inasmuch as the plaintiff in Allegan was a guest passenger.'

A review of the record indicates that it was conceded by all parties that the plaintiff Wuis in the Allegan County case was not a guest passenger. In fact, the 'concise statement of facts and proceedings' so states. Thus, the Kalamazoo circuit court's determination that Res judicata did not apply to the issue of plaintiff Gomber's contributory negligence based on the fact that the issue never arose in the Allegan County case because Wuis was a guest passenger was in error. However, this is not dispositive of the issue of whether Res judicata now applies to the issue of contributory negligence in the instant case.

Two rules have been developed for the application of the doctrine of Res judicata.

'It is a well-settled general rule that where a judgment is asserted as an absolute bar to another action on the same demand or cause of action, it is conclusive not only as to every matter that was offered in the former action to sustain or defeat the demand, but as to every other matter that might have been offered for that purpose. On the other hand, where the subsequent action is on a different demand or cause of action, the judgment operates as an estoppel only as to those matters in issue, or points controverted, upon the determination of which the finding or verdict was rendered. In other words, where the second action is upon the same cause of action, the judgment is conclusive upon every matter that might have been litigated in the former action, whether it was in fact litigated or not, while if the second action is upon a different cause of action, the judgment operates as an estoppel only as to the facts or questions actually litigated and determined.' 128 A.L.R. 483.

In the Allegan County case, the defendant Dutch Maid as third party plaintiff complained against Lyle Gomber, third party defendant, pursuant to GCR 1963, 204. In the instant case, defendant Dutch Maid asserts the affirmative defense of contributory negligence on the part of plaintiff Lyle Gomber. Accordingly, the subsequent action being brought by a different plaintiff on a different demand or cause of action, the judgment in the Allegan case can operate as an estoppel only as to those matters actually litigated and determined.

A judgment, to constitute a bar to a claim in a subsequent action, must be rendered on the merits, on the same matter in issue, and between the same parties or their privies. Zak v. Gray, 324 Mich. 522, 37 N.W.2d 550 (1949).

A review of the record clearly indicates that the parties in both actions are the same, plaintiff Bertha Gomber's action being derivative of her husband's. It is equally clear that the Allegan County Circuit Court's judgment of no cause of action as to third-party defendant Gomber's negligence was rendered upon the merits.

"If the judgment determines that the plaintiff has no cause of action, it is on the...