Gordon v. John Deere Company

• Decision Date: 08 December 1970
• Docket Number: No. PCA 2097.,PCA 2097.
• Citation: 320 F. Supp. 293
• Parties: Abner Wynn GORDON, Plaintiff, v. The JOHN DEERE COMPANY, a corporation, John Deere Company of St. Louis, a Missouri corporation, John Deere Company of Baltimore, a Maryland corporation, and Deere and Company, a corporation, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Northern District of Florida

320 F. Supp. 293

Abner Wynn GORDON, Plaintiff, v. The JOHN DEERE COMPANY, a corporation, John Deere Company of St. Louis, a Missouri corporation, John Deere Company of Baltimore, a Maryland corporation, and Deere and Company, a corporation, Defendants.

No. PCA 2097.

United States District Court, N. D. Florida, Pensacola Division.

December 8, 1970.

Roderic Magie, Pensacola, Fla., for plaintiff.

William H. Clark, Pensacola, Fla., for defendants.

ORDER

ARNOW, Chief Judge.

This cause is before the Court on motion of Defendants, DEERE AND COMPANY and JOHN DEERE COMPANY OF BALTIMORE, to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and insufficiency of process and service of process.

The complaint alleges that on or about July 19, 1965, the Plaintiff was injured by a tractor and pan, commonly called a scraper unit, which unit was defective in that it was not equipped with proper safety devices. The unit was manufactured by Deere and Company, a Delaware corporation, at Moline, Illinois, and shipped to Shelton-Witt Equipment Corporation, Lynchburg, Virginia, by order of John Deere Company of Baltimore, a Maryland corporation, a subsidiary of Deere and Company, and a distributor of Deere products. Shelton-Witt, a retail John Deere dealer, subsequently sold the unit to Wiley N. Jackson Company of Roanoke, Virginia, such sale taking place in Virginia. Jackson later transported the unit to Escambia County, Florida, where it was in use by employees of that company on the date of the accident.

Deere and Company is not qualified to do business in Florida. Prior to July, 1967, John Deere Company of St. Louis, a Missouri corporation and a subsidiary of Deere and Company, was the distributor for all Deere products in Florida. Since that date, it has distributed Deere industrial products at wholesale to retail dealers in Florida and John Deere of Baltimore has similarly distributed Deere industrial products in Florida. Thus, at the time of the accident, John Deere of Baltimore was not distributing any products in Florida. None of the defendants had any connection with Wiley N. Jackson Company, and after the sale to Jackson, none had any control over the unit or its subsequent transportation and use.

Service of process was effected on John Deere of St. Louis by serving an officer of the company in Jacksonville, Florida, Plaintiff being under the impression at that time that it was the distributor of the scraper in question. Substituted service was attempted on Deere and Company under F.S. §§ 48.161 and 48.181, F.S.A., Florida's "long arm" statutes. Subsequently, it was discovered that John Deere of Baltimore was the distributor, and service was attempted on it under the same statutes.

Defendant bases his motions on the grounds that Deere and Company and John Deere of Baltimore are not subject to service of process under F.S. §§ 48.161 and 48.181, F.S.A. and that these sections are not applicable to actions in tort.

The weight of authority supports the view that in diversity cases, state law determines whether a corporation is amenable to process within the state; if so, then federal law is considered in determining whether the state law meets federal standards. 2 Moore, Federal Practice ¶ 4.251, page 1146; 1 Barron & Holtzoff, Federal Practice and Procedure § 179, pages 696, 697; Arrowsmith v. United Press International, 320 F.2d 219 (2 Cir. 1963), Annot. 6 A. L.R.3d 1103, 1109; Stanga v. McCormick Shipping Corp., 268 F.2d 544 (5 Cir. 1959). A review of the decisions of the Florida courts discloses it has been consistently held that, to obtain jurisdiction under the "long arm" statutes over a foreign corporation not qualified to do business in Florida, it must be shown the cause of action arose out of a transaction or operation connected with or incidental to the activities of the foreign corporation in Florida. DeVaney v. Rumsch, 228 So.2d 904 (Fla. 1969); Kastan v. Kastan, 222 So.2d 55 (Fla.App.1969); Manus v. Manus, 193 So.2d 236 (Fla.App.1966); Confederation of Canada Life Ins. Co. v. Vega y Arminan, 144 So.2d 805 (Fla.1962). A similar construction has been placed on the Florida statutes by the federal courts. Donnelly v. Kellogg Co., 293 F. Supp. 53 (S.D.Fla.1968); Federal Insurance Co. v. Michigan Wheel Co., 267 F. Supp. 639 (S.D.Fla.1967). This is so even though the corporation sells products in Florida through a distributor and, thus, under F.S. § 48.181(3), F.S. A., would be presumed to be doing business in Florida. Donnelly v. Kellogg Co., supra. "Long arm" statutes are to be construed in favor of the defendant, and the burden of proof is on the plaintiff to show legality of the service. Kastan v. Kastan, supra; Young Spring and Wire Corp. v. Smith, 176 So.2d 903 (Fla.1965).

Applying the decisions cited above to the facts of the present case, it cannot be said that the cause of action arose out of a transaction or operation connected with or incidental to the activities of either Deere and Co. or John Deere of Baltimore in Florida, and, therefore, jurisdiction over these defendants could not be obtained under F.S. §§ 48.161 and 48.181, F.S.A.

Plaintiff contends that F.S. § 48.182, F.S.A., passed by the Florida legislature in 1970, is to be applied retroactively to cover the situation in question here. This section provides for service on nonresidents committing a wrongful act outside the state which causes injury within the state. In general, if a statute is of a kind characterized as being merely remedial or procedural in nature, it may be applied retroactively, provided it would only operate in furtherance of a remedy or confirmation of a right already existing. However, if a law creates a new obligation, imposes a new duty, or attaches a new disability, it falls...