Grant v. Grant
| Decision Date | 07 February 1978 |
| Docket Number | No. 342-76,342-76 |
| Citation | 136 Vt. 9,383 A.2d 627 |
| Court | Vermont Supreme Court |
| Parties | Wilda L. GRANT v. Richard D. GRANT. |
Matthew I. Katz of Latham, Eastman, Schweyer & Tetzlaff, Burlington, for plaintiff.
Langrock & Sperry, Middlebury, for defendant.
Before BARNEY, C. J., and DALEY, LARROW, BILLINGS and HILL, JJ.
The question before us in this appeal involves the power of a Vermont court to grant alimony where an existing valid divorce decree, rendered by a foreign court with personal jurisdiction over both parties, failed to grant alimony but reserved the right to do so. The defendant obtained a decree of divorce from the plaintiff in the District Court of the Virgin Islands on September 12, 1968. Both parties had submitted to the jurisdiction of that court by appearing personally with counsel. Although the court did not award alimony to either party, the decree provided that the issue of alimony would be subject to further determination by that court upon motion.
In 1975, the plaintiff, then a non-resident of this state, brought a civil complaint in the Chittenden Superior Court seeking an award of temporary and permanent support. Jurisdiction over the defendant was properly obtained by service within the state. In response to defendant's motions to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted, the trial court upon hearing concluded that the plaintiff's action was a proper claim under 15 V.S.A. § 758 entitled "Revision of alimony decree," and denied both motions. A few months later the plaintiff obtained a court order in the Chittenden Superior Court for temporary alimony pursuant to 15 V.S.A. § 675. The court's jurisdiction to award temporary relief was challenged by the defendant in a motion for interlocutory appeal pursuant to V.R.C.P. 59 and V.R.A.P. 5. This request was denied. Following a hearing on the merits in June and July of 1976, the court in extensive findings of fact and conclusions of law adjudged that the plaintiff was not entitled to alimony, and dismissed the complaint. In the same judgment order, however, the plaintiff recovered $1,650.00, the sum stipulated to be due and owing under the temporary order. From this judgment the plaintiff appeals.
Plaintiff offered evidence at trial to support her claim that at the time of the Virgin Islands divorce she was entitled to alimony. She presented no facts or circumstances occurring subsequent to the foreign decree. Whether this same evidence was actually before the Virgin Islands court is not indicated by the record, but there is no doubt that the evidence was available for presentation at that time. The Vermont trial court in a decision on the merits denied permanent alimony based on a finding that the plaintiff had forfeited her rights to permanent relief by constantly resisting the defendant's attempts to obtain a divorce. We need not address the propriety of the court's rationale inasmuch as the plaintiff's claim was not properly before the trial court in the first instance.
Plaintiff's suit for an independent grant of alimony or support seeks a remedy which exists only in equity or under statute but not at common law. Loeb v. Loeb, 118 Vt. 472, 486, 114 A.2d 518, 527 (1955). The legislature of this state has never seen fit to enact a statute authorizing an original and independent action for alimony after a marriage is ended by a valid divorce decree of any competent jurisdiction, and this Court has not had occasion to consider whether to extend its equitable powers to entertain an independent action for alimony. Therefore, at least under statute and at common law, the granting of alimony in any form is but an incident to the granting of the divorce, and unless the divorce is granted, the court has no power to grant permanent alimony. Loeb v. Loeb, supra, 118 Vt. at 485, 114 A.2d at 527.
The trial court treated plaintiff's claim for temporary and permanent support as a petition to revise a decree for alimony pursuant to15 V.S.A. § 758. The plaintiff frames her appeal within the terms of that statute, the relevant portion of which provides as follows:
After a decree for alimony or other annual allowance for the wife or children . . . the court may revise and alter its decree from time to time . . . respecting the amount of such alimony . . . and may make such decree respecting any of such matters as might have been made in the original action.
As a jurisdictional prerequisite to the power of the court to entertain an action to modify, the party seeking relief must establish a substantial change of circumstance since the original decree. French v. French, 128 Vt. 138, 139, 259 A.2d 778, 779 (1969). Otherwise the doctrine of res judicata prevents a judgment of modification. Sand v. Sand, 116 Vt. 70, 71, 69 A.2d 7, 8 (1949). The plaintiff neither alleged nor proved that a change of circumstance had occurred since the date of the Virgin Islands decree. Absent this showing the trial court was without the power to entertain an action under 15 V.S.A. § 758.
Plaintiff seeks to avoid this jurisdictional impediment to her claim by arguing that Ford v. Franklin, 129 Vt. 114, 122, 274 A.2d 461, 466 (1971) authorizes a Vermont court to enlarge a foreign divorce decree to dispose of matters not already adjudicated. In that decision we upheld the power of a Vermont court to determine child support and custody when a prior foreign decree made no such provisions. Ford v. Franklin, supra, 129 Vt. at 122, 274 A.2d at 466.
The rationale of Ford v. Franklin is unavailable to the plaintiff for two reasons. First, the cases are distinguishable factually. The foreign court in Ford v. Franklin did not provide in its decree for certain children belonging to the parties because of a lack of personal jurisdiction over the children and therefore a lack of power to adjudicate matters of custody and support. In the case before us, the Virgin Islands court had personal jurisdiction over the parties and therefore possessed the power to adjudicate the issue of alimony. The record contains no findings of fact or conclusions of law by the Virgin Islands court leaving this Court without a means of determining why alimony was not awarded. The Vermont trial court found as fact that the plaintiff refused to consider the matter of alimony in the Virgin Islands proceedings, which could be construed as a waiver of any right she might have had to an award. The Virgin Islands court, however, apparently did not find a waiver as indicated by the reservation of jurisdiction over the matter of alimony.
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