Graves v. State
| Decision Date | 20 December 1889 |
| Docket Number | 15,238 |
| Citation | 23 N.E. 155,121 Ind. 357 |
| Parties | Graves v. The State |
| Court | Indiana Supreme Court |
From the Vigo Circuit Court.
T. W Harper, for appellant.
L. T Michener, Attorney General, and J. H. Gillett, for the State.
The evidence very satisfactorily shows that the appellant feloniously took from the safe of John F. Ferguson various sums of money at different times, amounting in the aggregate to more than four hundred dollars, but the only evidence of the kind of money taken is that of Ferguson, who said that it was "good and lawful money of the United States." This evidence was not objected to when it was offered, nor was any question made as to its competency until the court came to instruct the jury, and no question is made upon the instructions given or refused. Other witnesses testified that they saw the accused with paper money, but none of them give a description of it farther than to say that he asked for change for a ten-dollar bill and a twenty-dollar bill. Ferguson also testified on cross-examination, in answer to the question, "what kind of money was it?"
As there was no objection to the competency of the evidence it was proper to permit the jury to act upon it. The rule declared by our own and other courts is, that where evidence which is objectionable is permitted to go to the jury without objection, and it is such as will prove a fact, a verdict founded on it will be sustained. This is in harmony with the general rule substantially thus stated by some of the authorities: "A party objecting to a variance between the pleadings and the proof must make his objection at the proper time during the trial, and, if he does not, he can not afterward avail himself of the objection." Belknap v. Sealey, 14 N.Y 143; Manice v. Brady, 15 Abb. Pr. 173; Shall v. Lathrop, 3 Hill 237; Pike v. Evans, 15 Johns. 213; Doyle v Mulren, 7 Abb. Pr., N. S. 258. In Roberts v. Graham, 73 U.S. 578, 6 Wall. 578, 18 L.Ed. 791, the Supreme Court of the United States said: "The objection of a variance not taken at the trial, can not avail the defendant as an error in the higher court, if it could have been obviated in the court below; nor can it avail him on a motion for a new trial." This general doctrine was applied in a criminal case in Cross v. People, 47 Ill. 152 (95 Am. Dec. 474). We have often held that a verdict will be sustained on evidence which would have been excluded had proper objection been made. Stockwell v. State, 101 Ind. 1; Riehl v. Evansville Foundry Ass'n, 104 Ind. 70, 3 N.E. 633; Yeager v. Wright, 112 Ind. 230; McFadden v. Fritz, 110 Ind. 5; Indiana, etc., R. W. Co. v. Finnell, 116 Ind. 414, 422, 19 N.E. 204.
There was, therefore, evidence before the jury upon which they were authorized to act, and we can not say that they erred in deciding that when the witness testified that it "was good and lawful money of the United States," he meant treasury notes and greenbacks. Hickey v State, 23 Ind. 21. Such notes are good and lawful money, and as such the subject of larceny. The evidence certainly supplied grounds for inferring that the money stolen was that...
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