Gray v. Reynolds

• Decision Date: 08 September 1989
• Parties: Van GRAY v. James M. REYNOLDS and J. Eugene Garrison. 88-341.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

Page 79

553 So.2d 79

Van GRAY v. James M. REYNOLDS and J. Eugene Garrison.

88-341.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

Sept. 8, 1989.

Rehearing Denied Nov. 3, 1989.

John W. Kelly III of Sikes & Kelly and Charles H. Sims III, Selma, for appellant.

Robert R. Blair, Selma, for appellees.

HORNSBY, Chief Justice.

This is the second time that this breach of contract action has been before this Court. The plaintiff, Van Gray, appeals from a judgment in favor of the defendants, James M. Reynolds and J. Eugene Garrison, which was entered by the trial court, sitting without a jury on remand.

On this appeal, the plaintiff contends that the trial court's findings are inconsistent with this Court's holding and mandate, and that they are also unsupported by the evidence. See Gray v. Reynolds, 514 So.2d 973 (Ala.1987) (Gray I ). After having considered the briefs of counsel, this Court's earlier opinion, and the judgment entered by the trial court on remand, this Court finds that the trial court properly implemented the earlier opinion of this Court and that its judgment is due to be affirmed.

This Court has summarized the facts of this controversy in Gray I. Briefly restated, the facts are as follows: On March 2, 1984, Gray entered into a written contract with Reynolds and Garrison (both hereinafter referred to as "Reynolds") for the purchase and removal of approximately 9,000 tons of sawdust at the rate of $.50 per ton. The sawdust was located on Reynolds's property in Dallas County. Gray hauled sawdust for about three weeks, making his last weekly payment to Reynolds on March 16, 1984. He made one haul in early April 1984 and has not hauled since. On April 24, 1984, Reynolds called Gray and told him that if he was not going to haul, then a third party, Brown, would haul for $1.00 per ton. Reynolds also told Gray that if Gray intended to haul, then Reynolds would keep Brown out of his way. On April 30, 1984, Brown began hauling.

Gray filed his complaint against Reynolds on May 28, 1984, alleging that Reynolds had breached the contract by entering into a separate contract to sell sawdust to Brown. After a nonjury trial, the court ruled in favor of Reynolds, holding that the writing sued upon was insufficient to support a judgment in favor of Gray. The court also held that the writing constituted only a standing offer from Reynolds to Gray to sell sawdust at a set price. Gray appealed to this Court, contending here that the trial court had erred in its determination that the written agreement was merely a "standing offer" giving Gray an "option" to purchase sawdust from Reynolds. He further asserted that the trial court had erred in its finding that the written agreement, testimony, and evidence were an insufficient basis for a claim of lost profits by Gray. We reversed and remanded the case to the trial court. In our opinion in Gray I, we first discussed the elements of a contract, finding (1) that an agreement between the parties existed; (2) that consideration existed; (3) that time was not of the essence; and (4) that "the trial court erred when it ruled that the contract was nothing more than a standing offer." The case was then remanded for further proceedings consistent with our opinion.

On remand in the trial court, the matter was submitted by the parties to the court upon the original trial transcript and upon written trial briefs. The trial court entered an order finding (1) that Gray had breached the contract by failing to perform, specifically, by removing sawdust and not paying for it; (2) that Gray had further breached the contract by abandoning the removal and hauling of the sawdust for an unreasonable period of time; (3) that Gray had further breached the contract by removing and stockpiling the sawdust and reserving it for the purposes of speculation and by failing to make payments therefor on a weekly basis; and (4) that Gray was not entitled to recover because he had failed to act in good faith and to make efforts to mitigate his damages. This appeal followed.

It is well established that on remand the issues decided by an appellate court become the "law of the case," and that the trial court must comply with the appellate court's mandate. Walker v. Carolina Mills Lumber Co., 441 So.2d 980 (Ala.Civ.App.1983). See also Erbe v. Eady, 447 So.2d 778 (Ala.Civ.App.1984). The trial court's duty is to comply with the mandate "according to its true intent and meaning," as determined by the directions given by the reviewing court. Ex parte Alabama Power Co., 431 So.2d 151 (Ala.1983). When the mandate is not clear, the opinion of the reviewing court should be consulted. Walker, supra, at 982.

On the first appeal of this case, the issue was a narrow one--whether the writing involved was a contract. At the time of the first appeal, the trial court had never made findings of fact toward the ultimate issue, but had merely decided the case on the issue of whether a contract existed between the parties. Therefore, this Court did not direct the entry of judgment against the defendants, but rather directed further proceedings consistent with our holding that the written agreement was an enforceable contract. All other matters are but dicta and are not controlling upon the ultimate issue. While we are bound to carry out the holding as to the precise question before the Court on the first appeal, we are not necessarily bound to carry out literally the dicta pertaining to questions that were not then presented. This principle was long ago determined to be appropriate when a case is brought to the appellate court a second time. Jesse v. Cater, 28...