Green Tree Acceptance, Inc. v. Wheeler

• Citation: 832 F.2d 116
• Decision Date: 27 October 1987
• Docket Number: No. 87-5060,87-5060
• Parties: GREEN TREE ACCEPTANCE, INC., Appellant, v. John W. WHEELER, Appellee.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (8th Circuit)

Page 116

832 F.2d 116

2 Indiv.Empl.Rts.Cas. 1141

GREEN TREE ACCEPTANCE, INC., Appellant, v. John W. WHEELER, Appellee.

No. 87-5060.

United States Court of Appeals,

Eighth Circuit.

Submitted Sept. 3, 1987.

Decided Oct. 27, 1987.

Peter S. Hendrixson, Minneapolis, Minn., for appellant.

Duane W. Krohnke, Minneapolis, Minn., for appellee.

Before HEANEY and WOLLMAN, Circuit Judges, and ROSS, Senior Circuit Judge.

WOLLMAN, Circuit Judge.

Green Tree Acceptance, Inc. (Green Tree), a Minnesota corporation, brought this diversity action seeking to enforce a noncompetition agreement against a former executive, John W. Wheeler. The jury found that the noncompetition agreement had terminated. The district court entered judgment on the verdict and denied Green Tree's motion for a new trial or judgment n.o.v. Green Tree appeals. We reverse and remand for a new trial.

Green Tree's primary business is mobile home financing. Green Tree made its first public stock offering in May 1983. Participating underwriters recommended that Green Tree execute employment contracts and noncompetition agreements with key executives to protect the company and prospective stockholders. Wheeler was an executive vice president and member of Green Tree's board of directors. Wheeler had joined the company in 1977 as a regional manager in Green Tree's Michigan office and had advanced rapidly through the ranks. In 1983, Wheeler held the second highest position in the company, reporting only to the president and chief executive officer, Larry Cross. Wheeler was responsible for day-to-day operations and developed Green Tree's underwriting and pricing policies. He had access to confidential information, such as Green Tree's three-year strategic plan.

Wheeler signed an employment contract and a noncompetition agreement on March 24, 1983, receiving in return $249,546.85 cash and $218,040.00 worth of stock. The employment contract provided that Wheeler would be employed as an executive vice president until December 31, 1985. The relevant portions of the noncompetition agreement read as follows:

THIS NONCOMPETITION AGREEMENT, dated March 24, 1983 (the "Agreement"), by and among GREEN TREE ACCEPTANCE, INC., a Minnesota corporation (the "Company"), MIDWEST FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION OF MINNEAPOLIS, a federally chartered savings and loan association, and GT HOLDINGS, INC., a Minnesota corporation wholly owned by Midwest Federal, (collectively, the "Parent Company"), and John W. Wheeler, a resident of Minnesota (the "Executive")

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ARTICLE III Termination

This Agreement will terminate five years from the date of the Employment Agreement or two years from the date of termination of the Executive's employment with the Company, whichever first occurs, unless it is revoked by the Executive pursuant to Article V of the Employment Agreement, except that those obligations of the Executive to the Parent Company under this Agreement will terminate in the event that either the Parent Company or a subsidiary of the Parent Company owns less than 50% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company. (emphasis added)

In May 1985, Midwest Federal and GT Holdings sold some of their Green Tree stock, reducing their holdings to less than fifty percent of Green Tree's outstanding common stock.

Earlier, in October 1984, a disagreement between Wheeler and Cross led to a mutual agreement that Wheeler would resign. Green Tree compensated Wheeler through December 1985, fulfilling its obligations under the employment contract. In May 1986, Wheeler accepted a position as president and chief executive officer of Security Pacific Housing Services, Inc., a competitor of Green Tree in the business of financing mobile homes. Green Tree thereupon sued Wheeler for breach of the noncompetition agreement.

Wheeler raised the defenses of waiver, release, laches, and estoppel. He also asserted that the noncompetition agreement had terminated, construing the above-quoted provisions of the agreement to mean that his obligations not to compete with Green Tree ceased in May 1985 as a result of the sale of Green Tree stock by Midwest Federal and GT Holdings.

Green Tree filed a motion in limine to strike Wheeler's affirmative defense that the noncompetition agreement had terminated. Green Tree asked the trial court to rule as a matter of law that the contract was unambiguous and that Wheeler's obligations to Green Tree continued. The court denied this motion, as well as Green Tree's motion for a directed verdict on this issue.

On appeal, Green Tree contends that the district court erred in permitting the jury to interpret and apply an unambiguous written contract. We agree.

Under Minnesota law, the court must make the initial determination as to whether a contract is ambiguous. Otten v. Stonewall Ins. Co., 511 F.2d 143, 147 (8th Cir.1975); Matter of Turner Crossroads Dev. Co., 277 N.W.2d 364, 369 (Minn.1979). The construction of an unambiguous writing is a matter of law for the court, not a question of fact for the jury. Vagle v. Pickands Mather & Co., 611 F.2d 1212, 1220 (8th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1033, 100 S.Ct. 704, 62 L.Ed.2d 669 (1980). A contract is ambiguous if it is reasonably susceptible to more than one interpretation. Midwest Communications v. Minnesota Twins, Inc., 779 F.2d 444, 455 (8th Cir.1985), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 106 S.Ct. 2289, 90 L.Ed.2d 730 (1986). Because a district court's determination of whether an ambiguity exists is a...