Green v. State
Decision Date | 28 August 2002 |
Docket Number | No. 1D01-5024.,1D01-5024. |
Parties | Marcus Eugene GREEN, Jr., Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee. |
Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Nancy A. Daniels, Public Defender; David A. Davis, Assistant Public Defender, and David P. Gauldin, Assistant Public Defender, Tallahassee, for Appellant.
Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General; Kenneth D. Pratt, Assistant Attorney General, Tallahassee, for Appellee.
Marcus Eugene Green, Jr., appeals his conviction for possession of cocaine, contending the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress cocaine seized from a motel room. Upholding the trial court's finding that the room was no longer Mr. Green's by the time the motel owner invited a deputy sheriff inside and showed him the cocaine, we affirm the conviction.
Charged with possession of cocaine found in a room at the Mayfair Motel on August 19, 2001, Mr. Green filed a motion to suppress. The trial court denied the motion, then found (in keeping with the parties' stipulation) that its ruling on the motion was dispositive of the whole case. In entering his plea of nolo contendere, Mr. Green reserved the right to appeal denial of the suppression motion. See Griffin v. State, 753 So.2d 676, 677 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000)
() .
The state did not contest appellant's standing to file the motion to suppress.1 Instead, it called two witnesses at the suppression hearing in order to prove that the motel owner's consent excused the failure to obtain a search warrant. See Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443, 487-90, 91 S.Ct. 2022, 29 L.Ed.2d 564 (1971)
; Stoner v. California, 376 U.S. 483, 489-90, 84 S.Ct. 889, 11 L.Ed.2d 856 (1964); Jones v. State, 648 So.2d 669, 674 (Fla.1994) () ; Morse v. State, 604 So.2d 496, 501 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992) (). See also Niemann v. State, 819 So.2d 166, 168 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002) (). Proof of consent also obviates the need to prove probable cause. See Reynolds v. State, 592 So.2d 1082, 1086 (Fla.1992) (citing Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 93 S.Ct. 2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973)).
We are "bound, on search and seizure issues, to follow the opinions of the United States Supreme Court regardless of whether the claim of an illegal arrest or search is predicated upon the provisions of the Florida or United States Constitutions." State v. Butler, 655 So.2d 1123, 1125 (Fla.1995). The Florida constitutional "right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures ... shall be construed in conformity with the 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution, as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court." Art. I, § 12, Fla. Const.
At the suppression hearing in the present case, the state called the only witnesses, Earl F. Jacquay, who owned the motel, and Deputy Sheriff Edward M. Lewis. Mr. Jacquay testified that, on August 19, 2001, Mr. Green had not paid for his room beyond the check-out time of 11:00 a.m. and that, at about 3:00 p.m., he went to the room with a "lock-out, which is a device we put on the doorknobs to lock the door so they can't skip and take off owing us money." He testified that "normally we would have ... locked him out at 11:00 and bagged everything up, called bag and tag," and answered affirmatively the question "You had no obligation after 11:00 in the morning to hold the room, you could have rented it at any time to whoever you wanted to?" He testified that as of 11:00 a.m. the room "was ours because he hadn't paid for the day."
Mr. Jacquay testified that he repossessed the room for Mr. Green's failure to pay rent;2 and that, when Mr. Green eventually turned up and offered to pay the rent, he declined to accept it or to allow reentry. But he conceded that he would not have relet the room to somebody else that day, explaining that "because it was late and the housekeepers were already finishing up, I was gonna let it go till the next morning." He further testified that, entering the room to turn off a television set, he noticed what he believed to be crack cocaine on a dresser, then exited the room, placed the lock-out on the door, and called the police.
Deputy Sheriff Lewis testified that, when he arrived at the motel, he met Mr. Jacquay, who gave him permission to enter the motel room, where he seized the cocaine. Mr. Jacquay testified that he had by then informed Mr. Green that his right to occupy the room had expired for nonpayment, and denied him reentry, but the record does not establish whether he also told Deputy Sheriff Lewis that he had ejected Mr. Green. No evidence was adduced as to the motel owner's apparent authority to consent to a search, apart from evidence of his actual authority. See Illinois v. Rodriguez, 497 U.S. 177, 186-89, 110 S.Ct. 2793, 111 L.Ed.2d 148 (1990)
; Williams v. State, 788 So.2d 334, 336-37 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001). At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court denied the motion to suppress and stated the grounds for its ruling:
[T]he central basis [for denying the motion to suppress] was the room was owned and the right to—the access and occupancy of the room was the owner of the Mayfair Motel at the time. Mr. Green was not entitled, nor did he have exclusive use and occupancy of the residence.
On appeal, Mr. Green maintains that Mr. Jacquay entered the motel room unlawfully both before and after Deputy Sheriff Lewis arrived; and argues that the decision in Morse, which held that the "manager of the Destination Motel could not terminate appellant's tenancy on the spot by an immediate `verbal eviction,'" 604 So.2d at 500, requires reversal.
State v. Setzler, 667 So.2d 343, 344-45 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995). See Ornelas v. United States, 517 U.S. 690, 699, 116 S.Ct. 1657, 134 L.Ed.2d 911 (1996)
; Connor v. State, 803 So.2d 598, 605 (Fla.2001); State v. Eldridge, 814 So.2d 1138, 1140 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002) ().
As homes to the peripatetic, hotel and motel rooms are legally imbued "with the sanctity of private dwellings, ordinarily afforded the most stringent Fourth Amendment protection." United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543, 561, 96 S.Ct. 3074, 49 L.Ed.2d 1116 (1976). See State v. Titus, 707 So.2d 706, 708 (Fla. 1998)
. But the room's protected status does not outlast the guest's right to occupy the room. See Gilbert v. State, 789 So.2d 426, 428 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001) (); Gnann v. State, 662 So.2d 406, 407 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995) (); McGibiany v. State, 399 So.2d 125, 126 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981); Sheff v. State, 301 So.2d 13, 16 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974) (), affirmed, 329 So.2d 270, 274 (Fla.1976).
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