Green v. Unified Gov't of Wyandotte Cnty./Kan. City, 116,038

• Decision Date: 26 May 2017
• Docket Number: No. 116,038,116,038
• Citation: 397 P.3d 1211,54 Kan.App.2d 118
• Parties: Trina GREEN, Appellant, v. UNIFIED GOVERNMENT OF WYANDOTTE COUNTY/KANSAS CITY, Kansas, et al., Appellees.
• Court: Kansas Court of Appeals

54 Kan.App.2d 118

397 P.3d 1211

Trina GREEN, Appellant,

v.UNIFIED GOVERNMENT OF WYANDOTTE COUNTY/KANSAS CITY, Kansas, et al., Appellees.

No. 116,038

Court of Appeals of Kansas.

Opinion filed May 26, 2017

Derrick A. Pearce, of Peterson & Associates, P.C., of Kansas City, Missouri, for appellant.

Jane A. Wilson, assistant counsel, Unified Government of Wyandotte County/Kansas City, for appellees.

Before Leben, P.J., Powell and Schroeder, JJ.

Leben, J.:

The Kansas Open Records Act begins with a simple proposition: "It is declared to be the public policy of this state that public records shall be open for inspection by any person unless otherwise provided by this act." K.S.A. 45-216(a). The Act also provides that it "shall be liberally construed and applied to promote" this policy of openness. K.S.A. 45-216(a). And in any court action seeking to enforce disclosure of records, a public agency refusing to produce records has the burden of proof to show that it wasn't required to disclose the records. K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 45-222(c).

With these concepts in mind, we consider what happened when Trina Green asked to see records about the shooting of her son by law-enforcement officers from the Wyandotte County Sheriff's Department. Specifically, she asked to see the records about the shooting from the sheriff's department and the Kansas City (Kansas) Police Department. Those departments refused her request, citing an exception to disclosure for criminal-investigation records that's found in a statute, K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 45-221(a)(10).

That exception isn't iron-clad, though. It provides that the district court "may order disclosure of such records, subject to such conditions as the court may impose, if the court finds that the disclosure" is in the public interest; wouldn't interfere with a law-enforcement investigation; wouldn't reveal confidential sources, techniques, or agents; wouldn't endanger anyone's safety; and wouldn't reveal any specific identifying information of the victim of a sexual offense (like the name or phone number of the victim). K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 45-221(a)(10)(A)-(F). By providing that the district court "may order disclosure," the statute tells us that the district court has discretion when making this judgment call. Given the public policy for disclosure, though, one would think that if the court finds disclosure would be "in the public interest" and none of the harms listed in K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 45-221(a)(10)(A)-(F) would arise on disclosure, then the records should be disclosed.

Given this background, what happened in the district court when Green sued to get the court to order production of records related to her son's shooting is strange.

The defendant in the case—the Unified Government of Wyandotte County/Kansas City, Kansas ("the Unified Government")—filed a motion to dismiss her case on the ground that it failed even to state a proper claim for legal relief. The Unified Government argued that disclosure of the records wasn't required because a criminal investigation was ongoing. Based on that, the Unified Government asked the court to dismiss Green's claim "with prejudice," meaning that she could not file again in the future seeking the same records.

When a defendant files a motion to dismiss the plaintiff's claim because it fails to state any viable claim for legal relief, the district court must accept the facts included in the plaintiff's petition as true. The court cannot resolve factual disputes at this point, so it must resolve any doubt about the facts in the plaintiff's favor. See K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 60-212(b)(6) ; Steckline Communications, Inc. v. Journal Broadcast Group of Kansas, Inc. , 305 Kan. 761, Syl. ¶ 2, 388 P.3d 84 (2017).

Green's petition had alleged that a sheriff's deputy had fired a handgun "multiple times into the body" of her son, nearly killing him. The petition alleged that production of the records had been refused based on the criminal-investigation exception but that no one had explained "how the release of the requested information would interfere with law enforcement action, criminal investigations, and future prosecutions." And the petition alleged that disclosure of the records was in the public interest, noting that several media outlets in Kansas City had published stories about the shooting.

As we've already noted, in considering a motion to dismiss, the district court had to accept the facts included in the petition as true. In addition, the Kansas Open Records Act also provides—as Green noted in her petition—that a public agency denying disclosure of a record has the burden of proof in court to show that its action was proper. See K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 45-222(c). So it should be...