Green v. United States, 6026.

• Decision Date: 23 January 1963
• Docket Number: No. 6026.,6026.
• Citation: 313 F.2d 6
• Parties: Theodore GREEN, Petitioner, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Respondent, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — First Circuit

313 F.2d 6 (1963)

Theodore GREEN, Petitioner, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Respondent, Appellee.

No. 6026.

United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.

Heard November 8, 1962.

Decided January 23, 1963.

Certiorari Dismissed March 21, 1963.

Manuel Katz, Boston, Mass., acting under appointment by the Court, for appellant.

William J. Koen, Asst. U. S. Atty., with whom W. Arthur Garrity, Jr., U. S. Atty., was on brief, for appellee.

Before WOODBURY, Chief Judge, and HARTIGAN and ALDRICH, Circuit Judges.

Certiorari Dismissed March 21, 1963. See 83 S.Ct. 948.

WOODBURY, Chief Judge.

In the autumn of 1952 the appellant Theodore Green was convicted in the court below on a three-count indictment charging him with entering a bank with intent to commit a felony, robbing the bank, and assaulting or putting in jeopardy the lives of persons by use of a dangerous weapon while committing the robbery in violation of Title 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113(a) and 2113(d). We allowed Green to appeal in forma pauperis but later dismissed his appeal "for want of diligent prosecution." Ever since he has tried repeatedly by motions, some under Criminal Rule 35 and others under § 2255 Title 28 U.S.C., to have his sentence corrected, reduced or set aside. So far his efforts have not been crowned with conspicuous success. He is still in Alcatraz. See Green v. United States, 158 F.Supp. 804 (D.C.Mass.1958); affirmed 256 F.2d 483 (C.A.1, 1958); cert. denied 358 U.S. 854, 79 S.Ct. 83, 3 L.Ed.2d 87 (1958); 24 F.R.D. 130 (D.C.Mass.1959); affirmed 273 F.2d 216 (C.A.1, 1959); affirmed with 274 F.2d 59 (C.A.1, 1960), 365 U.S. 301, 81 S.Ct. 653, 5 L.Ed.2d 670 (1961).

Undaunted, Green has tried again, this time by two motions under § 2255, supra. In the motion filed first in point of time Green seeks to have his conviction and sentence vacated and set aside on the ground that the Assistant United States Attorney who prosecuted the case against him "remained silent when he well knew that the government witness, Bistany, was committing perjury when he testified that he had no expectations of leniency by either state or federal courts because of his testimony in the instant case." In his subsequent motion Green seeks to have his sentence vacated for failure of the sentencing judge to afford him the right of allocution before imposition of sentence as required by Criminal Rule 32(a). The court below, without ordering Green produced to testify or hearing any evidence, denied both motions and Green has appealed.

We shall consider Green's motions in the order stated herein above.

This is not the first time that Green has asserted that the same witness committed perjury at his trial for bank robbery in 1952. See 158 F.Supp. 804, affirmed 256 F.2d 483. But this is the first time that Green has alleged this particular instance of Bistany's perjury which, he says, only came to his notice as a result of a proceeding against Bistany in 1960 in the Supreme Court of the State of New York on two fugitive from justice warrants issued by the Governor of New York at the behest of the Governor of Massachusetts.¹

Green's contention is that what came to light in that proceeding from statements made by Bistany's counsel and by Massachusetts county prosecuting officers (no federal officers were present), shows that Bistany perjured himself at Green's trial in the court below in 1952 when, in answer to the question: "Have you any expectations, Mr. Bistany, of any more lenient treatment on the matters on which you are before the courts, either federal or state, because of your testimony in this case?" Bistany answered: "Positively not * * * I am a parole violater in New York. I must do natural life." And Green further contends, as he must, that the prosecution knowingly² allowed this perjured testimony to stand uncorrected.³ We turn, therefore, to the 1960 proceeding against Bistany in the Supreme Court of New York on the fugitive from justice warrants to see if what therein emerged supports Green's contention.

That proceeding is anything but a masterpiece of clarity. One matter, however, which collaterally, and not very clearly, appeared therein was that Massachusetts county prosecuting officials in 1956, in proceedings in a New York court to obtain Bistany's temporary release from Dannemora Prison so that he could testify for the Commonwealth in a criminal case in which he was named as a co-defendant, agreed as a condition for his release from New York custody that no civil or criminal process (several indictments were then pending against Bistany in Massachusetts) would be served upon him while in Massachusetts to testify and that after giving his testimony he would be returned to New York to finish his sentence.

This episode in Bistany's long and checkered career in crime seems to us quite irrelevant. We do not see how an agreement for leniency in 1956, if it can be called such instead of an agreement with New York authorities to return Bistany to confinement in consideration for his release to Massachusetts to testify, can have any bearing on the question whether Bistany committed perjury with knowledge of the prosecution when some four years before he testified at Green's trial in the court below that he had no expectation of leniency for his testimony in that case. The emphasis put upon this episode in the government's motion to dismiss and by the court below is misplaced and misleading, for it is not all that came to light in the 1960 proceeding on fugitive from justice warrants in the Supreme Court of New York. In that proceeding, again collaterally and none too clearly, the following also appeared: (1) that as of May 4, 1952, Bistany was under indictment for robbery in both Bristol and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts, and was also a fugitive from New York; (2) that on that date Bistany was apprehended in Rhode Island, taken to Massachusetts and turned over to Bristol County authorities to await trial; (3) that thereafter Bistany agreed with the prosecuting officials of both counties to testify as a witness for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts against co-defendants; (4) that in August, 1952, in return for a promise of immunity in Massachusetts, Bistany testified for the District Attorney for Worcester County at the trial of Green and others in the Massachusetts Superior Court for that county for an offense separate and distinct from the one for which Green was tried in the court below and (5) that in September, 1953, Bistany was picked up in Massachusetts, served with a fugitive warrant from New York and waiving extradition, was returned to that state without Massachusetts authority's apparently making any effort to retain jurisdiction over him.

Thus it appears that prior to Green's trial in the court below Bistany had been promised and had received leniency in the courts of Massachusetts in exchange for his testimony for the Commonwealth in criminal cases in that jurisdiction. But this falls far short of showing that Bistany was promised leniency for his testimony "in this case," which of course, refers to the case in which Bistany was testifying, i. e. the case against Green in the court below for a federal offense. There is no showing, and we certainly cannot for a moment assume, that Massachusetts prosecuting authorities would undertake to promise something they could not possibly perform, that is, leniency in a federal court. On the record before us we find nothing to support Green's allegation that Bistany committed perjury when he said that he had no expectation of leniency for his testimony against Green in the court below, to say nothing of support for the allegation that the Assistant United States Attorney who prosecuted that case "well knew" of Bistany's perjury. The materials offered simply do not support Green's allegation. His motion was properly denied.

We turn now to Green's second motion.

This is not the first time that Green has attempted to vindicate his right...