Green v. Wyrick

• Decision Date: 22 December 1978
• Docket Number: No. 78-4196-CV-C-4-R.,78-4196-CV-C-4-R.
• Citation: 462 F. Supp. 357
• Parties: Clovis Carl GREEN, Jr., Petitioner, v. Donald W. WYRICK, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Western District of Missouri

462 F. Supp. 357

Clovis Carl GREEN, Jr., Petitioner, v. Donald W. WYRICK, Respondent.

No. 78-4196-CV-C-4-R.

United States District Court, W. D. Missouri, W. D.

December 22, 1978.

Clovis Carl Green, pro se.

Philip M. Koppe, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, Mo., for respondent.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

ELMO B. HUNTER, District Judge.

Petitioner, presently confined at the Missouri State Penitentiary, Jefferson City, has filed a pro se habeas corpus petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 challenging his 1975 state conviction for forcible rape. Unlike petitioner's myriad other actions in this court, this petition presents only one claim for relief. Petitioner argues that Missouri's forcible rape statute, R.S.Mo. § 559.260 is unconstitutional because it is sex-biased. He cites Meloon v. Helgemoe, 436 F.Supp. 528 (D.N.H.1977), aff'd 564 F.2d 602 (1st Cir. 1977), to support his claim. In response, the state argues that petitioner has failed to exhaust state remedies, that this action is an abuse of the writ of habeas corpus, and that petitioner's claim is substantively baseless. Petitioner has failed a traverse and a pleading styled "Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings" in which he requests immediate relief. The Court will first examine the question of exhaustion.

It is axiomatic that a state prisoner seeking federal habeas corpus relief must first exhaust state remedies by giving state appellate courts a fair opportunity to rule upon the claims to be presented in the federal petition. See, e. g., Pitchess v. Davis, 421 U.S. 482, 95 S.Ct. 1748, 44 L.Ed.2d 317 (1975); Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S. 270, 92 S.Ct. 509, 30 L.Ed.2d 438 (1971). Tyler v. Swenson, 527 F.2d 877, 880 (8th Cir. 1975), states the applicable doctrine:

The federal courts should entrust the states with primary responsibility in their own criminal cases. . . . When a federal court is unable to determine unequivocally that an issue has been considered and ruled upon by the state courts, comity requires that the initial determination of the issue be made by the state courts.

To this general statement must be added two principles. First, the exhaustion requirement will not be disregarded as futile unless the petitioner establishes "some clear manifestation on the record that a state court will not entertain his constitutional claims even if fairly presented . . .." Eaton v. Wyrick, 527 F.2d 477, 482 (8th Cir. 1975); accord, Smallwood v. Missouri Board of Probation and Parole, 587 F.2d 369, at 371 (8th Cir. 1978). Second, under the established law of this district, summary dismissal of state habeas corpus petition does not constitute exhaustion of state remedies for claims relating to the legality of a Missouri criminal conviction. Green v. Wyrick, 414 F.Supp. 343 (W.D.Mo.1976).¹

Records submitted by respondent show that petitioner first raised a claim similar to that presented in this petition in late July 1978. On July 27, 1978, he filed a pleading styled "Motion for Permission to Modify Claims in the Rule 27.26 Motion" in the Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri. The Circuit Court permitted petitioner to file the pleading without prepayment of the applicable fee, construed it as a new Rule 27.26 motion, and denied it summarily. Petitioner then filed a notice of appeal which requested appointment of counsel. That motion was granted by the Missouri Court of Appeals, on September 20, 1978, and shortly thereafter Robert Duncan, Esq., a distinguished member of the Kansas City bar, was appointed to represent petitioner in his appeal. Petitioner's case currently pends before the Missouri Court of Appeals.

In answer to the records submitted by respondent, petitioner makes a number of conclusory allegations to the effect that he has exhausted state remedies by presenting state habeas corpus petitions in the Missouri Court of Appeals and the Missouri Supreme Court. He also makes a conclusory allegation that the Missouri Courts will not protect his federal constitutional rights.

It is apparent from the records submitted by respondent that the Missouri Court of Appeals has accepted jurisdiction in a state court action raising claims identical to those in this case. Thus, under settled principles, petitioner has not exhausted state remedies. It is also apparent that petitioner's claims concerning the alleged failure of the Missouri Courts to protect his rights do not rise to a level sufficient to excuse the exhaustion requirement. Finally, Green v. Wyrick, supra, forecloses any claim by petitioner that he has exhausted state remedies by presenting his claims in state habeas corpus petitions. The record amply supports the conclusion that petitioner has failed to exhaust state remedies on the claims presented in this action. And, in view of petitioner's prior experiences with this Court in Green v. Wyrick, 414 F.Supp. 343 (W.D.Mo.1976), this failure can fairly be described as a deliberate attempt to circumvent the processes established by the state of Missouri for review of a criminal conviction. This action may be dismissed for failure to exhaust state remedies.

Respondents argue that this petition amounts to an abuse of the writ of habeas corpus. This contention warrants detailed discussion, because if the Court finds that this petition is an abuse of the writ it may be dismissed summarily.

Rule 9(b) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Proceedings in the United States District Courts provides:

A second or successive petition may be dismissed if the judge finds that it fails to allege new or different grounds for relief and the prior determination was on the merits or, if new and different grounds are alleged, the judge finds that the failure of the petitioner to assert those grounds in a prior petition constituted an abuse of the writ.

Also relevant are the provisions of a related statute, 28 U.S.C. § 2244:

When after an evidentiary hearing on the merits of a material factual issue, or after a hearing on the merits of an issue of law, a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court has been denied by a court of the United States or a justice or judge of the United States release from custody or other remedy on an application for a writ of habeas corpus, a subsequent application for a writ of habeas corpus in behalf of such person need not be entertained by a court of the United States or a justice or judge of the United States unless the application alleges and is predicated on a factual or other ground not adjudicated on the hearing of the earlier application for the writ, and unless the court, justice or judge is satisfied that the applicant has not on the earlier application deliberately withheld the newly asserted ground or otherwise abused the writ.

These provisions reflect a well-established principle of federal law: "Nothing in the traditions of habeas corpus requires the federal courts to tolerate needless piecemeal litigation, or to entertain collateral proceedings whose only purpose is to vex, harass or delay." Sanders v. United States, 373 U.S. 1, 18, 83 S.Ct. 1068, 1078, 10 L.Ed.2d 148 (1964).²

Past discussions of abuse have focused on several practices, including the deliberate withholding of known grounds in the hope of obtaining two or more hearings, deliberate delay in the presentations of claims, or presentation of claims that were abandoned in a prior petition. See, e. g., Advisory Committee Note, Rule 9, Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts; Wong Doo v. United States, 265 U.S. 239, 44 S.Ct. 524, 68 L.Ed. 999 (1924); Rice v. Coiner, 352 F.Supp. 1235 (N.D.W.Va.1973). With the relaxation of standards governing the filing and construction of pro se litigation have come entirely new forms of abuse, however. Federal courts now face pro se litigants who willfully falsify affidavits and pleadings, Carter v. Telectron, Inc., 452 F.Supp. 944 (S.D.Tex.1977); Green v. Wyrick, 428 F.Supp. 732 (W.D.Mo.1976); who willfully pursue litigation already determined against them on the merits in other courts, Clark v. Payne, 455 F.2d 516 (3d Cir. 1972); Carter v. Telectron, Inc., supra; who willfully file identical actions in different districts in the hope that such action will result in favorable rulings, Carter v. Telectron, Inc., supra; who willfully abuse procedural rules governing civil, criminal and postconviction actions, Green v. Wyrick, supra; or who willfully file colorably cognizable actions solely for the purpose of interfering with the orderly administration of a prison or to harass prison administrators. Wycoff v. Brewer, 572 F.2d 1260 (8th Cir. 1978); Boston v. Stanton, 450 F.Supp. 1049 (W.D.Mo.1978); Green v. Wyrick, supra. Failure to meet the challenge posed by such litigants would be an abdication of the Court's duty to protect the litigants before it from abuse, harassment or exploitation. Duhart v. Carlson, 469 F.2d 471 (10th Cir. 1972); Mann v. Leeke, 73 F.R.D. 264 (D.S.C. 1974); an obligation as important as the Court's duty to ensure that meritorious pro se claims are processed fairly and expeditiously.

In short, abuse of the writ wears many disguises, and its nature derives from the litigant as well as the litigation he files. Petitioner, a veteran of at least 350 past cases, cannot at this late date claim ignorance of the substantive and procedural law relating to many of the issues tendered in this action. As noted elsewhere in this opinion, this Court, and probably many others, have expressly ruled upon past claims by petitioner that are identical with those raised by him in this action. Petitioner's attempt to raise these questions under a slightly different guise cannot be excused as ignorance or negligence. It can only be characterized as a bald attempt to subvert the process established for review of criminal convictions by state and federal law, and harass this Court and its state counterparts. In the short run, such actions work to speed the dismissal of actions filed...