Griffin v. Fowler

• Decision Date: 19 November 1918
• Docket Number: 6 Div. 469 [*]
• Citation: 17 Ala.App. 44,81 So. 426
• Parties: GRIFFIN v. FOWLER.
• Court: Alabama Court of Appeals

81 So. 426

17 Ala.App. 44

GRIFFIN v. FOWLER.

6 Div. 469 ^[*]

Court of Appeals of Alabama

November 19, 1918

Rehearing Denied March 18, 1919

Appeal from Circuit Court, Jefferson County; J.C.B. Gwin, Judge.

Suit by Mrs. R.J. Fowler against Rena Griffin for damages done by stock running at large in the Town of Brighton. Judgment for plaintiff, and defendant appeals. Reversed and remanded.

G.P Benton, of Bessemer, for appellant.

Goodwyn & Ross, of Bessemer, for appellee.

BROWN P.J.

Under the provisions of section 2879 of the Code, as amended by act approved September 22, 1915, appellant, on the facts stated in her affidavit, was entitled to appeal without bond or security for costs. Acts 1915, p. 715.

The result of our first effort in this case demonstrates the wisdom of following the beaten path in the administration of justice. On first consideration, taking from the record facts which seemed not to be controverted as our predicate, we assumed that the plaintiff was relying on an ordinance of the town of Brighton (which we judicially know is a town of 1,502 population, according to the last federal census) as establishing a stock law district, and, with this as a basis for our conclusion, we ruled that the case was not brought within the provisions of section 4251 of the Code, imposing liability on the owner of domestic animals "for all injuries and trespasses committed by such animals by breaking into the inclosure or grounds of another inclosed by a lawful fence, or within a stock law district, or running at large in a common inclosure within which more persons than one are cultivating land without the consent of all such persons," etc., holding that the terms "a stock law district" as there used was a district within which stock are prohibited by statute from running at large. This conclusion was reached for the reason, not then stated, that this rule of liability originated in an act of the General Assembly approved February 26, 1887, providing that--

" Whenever in the state of Alabama two or more districts in which stock of any kind are prohibited from running at large lie adjacent to each other and any stock passes from one of said districts into another, said stock and the owner thereof shall be liable for damages, in every respect to be enforced in the same manner as if they lived within the district where the damage is committed." Acts 1886-87, p. 67.

This act was incorporated in section 2115 of the Code of 1896, which reads:

"If any stock trespass upon any lands inclosed as herein prescribed, or embraced in a district in which such stock is by law prohibited from running at large, the owner of such stock must pay the damages; and for each trespass after the first, double damages."

The statute was brought forward into the Code of 1907 as section 4251 in its present form.

With this statute in force, the Supreme Court, in Jones v. Hines, 157 Ala. 624, 47 So. 739, held that the owner of stock that lawfully allowed his stock to run on the commons was not liable for damages if such stock wandered into the corporate limits of the city of Gadsden, where, by ordinance stock were prohibited from running at large.

While, for these reasons, we adhere to the view that a "stock law district," within the meaning of section 4251 of the Code of 1907, is a district in which stock are by law prohibited from running at large, we are convinced that the premise assumed in disposing of the case on our first consideration is wholly untenable. In fact, appellee, in responding to the application for rehearing, says:

"There was never any ordinance in evidence showing that the town of Brighton ever attempted to make it a stock law district."

The bill of exceptions recites:

"The plaintiff then introduced in evidence an ordinance of the town of Brighton, to which the defendant objected,": etc.

But the ordinance is not set out in the bill of exceptions, nor does the bill of exceptions purport to set out all the evidence, and, under repeated rulings in this state, the refusal of charges requested by the defendant and the objection to the admission of the ordinance in evidence is not properly presented for review. Southern Railway Co. v. Kendal & Co., 14 Ala.App. 242, 69 So. 328; Southern Railway Co. v. Herron, 12 Ala.App. 415, 68 So. 531; Lamar v. King, 168 Ala. 285, 53 So. 279.

However, we hold that the complaint was subject to the objection pointed out by the fourth and tenth grounds of demurrer, and the court erred in overruling the demurrers.

Under the common law prevailing in this state, the owner of domestic animals may suffer them to run at large, and the owner of premises not properly inclosed is without remedy for injury caused to his premises or growing crops by such animals. Hurd v. Lacy, 93 Ala. 427, 9 So. 378, 30 Am.St.Rep. 61; Clear Creek Lumber Co. v. Gossom, 151 Ala. 450, 44 So. 404; Means v. Morgan, 2 Ala.App. 547, 56 So. 759; Jones v. Duncan, 4 Ala.App. 388, 58 So. 972; Wilhite v. Speakman, 79 Ala. 400.

Statutes which are in derogation of the common law are strictly construed. 4 Mayf.Dig. p. 850, § 21, and authorities there cited. And when doubt or ambiguity result from codifying a statute, the court will refer to the original enactment and give effect to its provisions as...