Gryner v. Astrue, CASE NO. 11-2221
| Decision Date | 19 November 2012 |
| Docket Number | CASE NO. 11-2221 |
| Parties | ANGELA D. GRYNER PLAINTIFF v. MICHAEL J. ASTRUE, Commissioner of Social Security Administration DEFENDANT |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Western District of Arkansas |
Plaintiff brings this action under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), seeking judicial review of a decision of the Commissioner of Social Security Administration (Commissioner) denying his claim for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits (DIB) and supplemental security income ("SSI") under Title II of the Social Security Act (Act), 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). In this judicial review, the court must determine whether there is substantial evidence in the administrative record to support the Commissioner's decision. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
The plaintiff filed her applications for DIB and SSI on March 19, 2009, alleging an onset date of January 8, 2007, due to plaintiff's spine and nerve damage (T. 188). Plaintiff's applications were denied initially and on reconsideration. Plaintiff then requested an administrative hearing, which was held on January 6, 2010. Plaintiff was present and represented by counsel.
At the time of the administrative hearing, plaintiff was 34 years of age and possessed a High School Education with three years of college (T. 195). The Plaintiff had past relevantwork ("PRW") experience as a Billing Clerk, Store Clerk, Cook and various other trades (T. 189).
On April 16, 2010, the Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") concluded that, although severe, plaintiff's back disorder post cervical discectomy and affective disorder (anxiety) did not meet or equal any Appendix 1 listing. T. 55. The ALJ found that plaintiff maintained the residual functional capacity ("RFC") to perform light work with additional restrictions T. 56. With the assistance of a vocational expert, the ALJ then determined Plaintiff could perform the requirements of the representative occupations of School Crossing Guard, School Bus Monitor, Traffic Checker, and Maid. T. 61.
This court's role is to determine whether the Commissioner's findings are supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. Cox v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 614, 617 (8th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is less than a preponderance, but enough that a reasonable mind would find it adequate to support the Commissioner's decision. Id. "Our review extends beyond examining the record to find substantial evidence in support of the ALJ's decision; we also consider evidence in the record that fairly detracts from that decision." Id. As long as there is substantial evidence in the record to support the Commissioner's decision, the court may not reverse the decision simply because substantial evidence exists in the record to support a contrary outcome, or because the court would have decided the case differently. Haley v. Massanari, 258 F.3d 742, 747 (8th Cir. 2001). If the court finds it possible "to draw two inconsistent positions from the evidence, and one of those positions represents the Secretary's findings, the court must affirm the decision of the Secretary." Cox, 495 F.3d at 617 (internal quotation and alteration omitted).
It is well-established that a claimant for Social Security disability benefits has the burden of proving his disability by establishing a physical or mental disability that has lasted at least one year and that prevents him from engaging in any substantial gainful activity. Pearsall v. Massanari, 274 F.3d 1211, 1217 (8th Cir. 2001); see 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). The Act defines "physical or mental impairment" as "an impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which are demonstrable by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques." 42 U.S.C. § § 423(d)(3), 1382(3)(c). A plaintiff must show that his disability, not simply his impairment, has lasted for at least twelve consecutive months. Titus v. Sullivan, 4 F.3d 590, 594 (8th Cir. 1993).
The Commissioner's regulations require him to apply a five-step sequential evaluation process to each claim for disability benefits. See 20 C.F.R. § § 404.1520(a)- (f)(2003). Only if the final stage is reached does the fact finder consider the plaintiff's age, education, and work experience in light of his or her residual functional capacity. See McCoy v. Schweiker, 683 F.2d 1138, 1141-42 (8th Cir. 1982); 20 C .F.R. § § 404.1520, 416.920 (2003).
A. Relevant Time Period
In order to receive disability insurance benefits, an applicant must establish that she was disabled before the expiration of her insured status. See 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(I), 423(c); Stephens v. Shalala, 46 F.3d 37, 39 (8th Cir.1995) (per curiam) (citing Battles v. Sullivan, 902 F.2d 657, 659 (8th Cir.1990)). Evidence of a disability subsequent to the expiration of one's insured status can be relevant, however, in helping to elucidate a medical condition during the time for which benefits might be rewarded. See Fowler v. Bowen, 866 F.2d 249, 252 (8th Cir.1989) (Fowler);Martonik v. Heckler, 773 F.2d 236, 240-41 (8th Cir.1985) (Martonik).
There is no insured status requirement, however, for SSI benefits. In order to qualify for SSI benefits on the basis of disability under section 1602 for the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1381a, a claimant must be a "disabled individual" and meet certain need requirements. The definition of "disabled individual" found in section 1614(a), 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a), is virtually identical to the section 223 definition quoted above. Fillou v. Heckler 622 F.Supp. 346, 347 (D.C.Ill.,1985)
Plaintiff was insured for DIB until September 30, 2007 (Tr. 52). Plaintiff filed her SSI application on March 4, 2009 (Tr. 52, 169-71). SSI benefits cannot be recovered retroactively. 20 C.F.R. § 416.335. Thus, the time period at issue is from March 4, 2009, through April 16, 2010, the date of the ALJ's decision.
B. RFC
The ALJ found that Plaintiff retains the RFC to perform light work, can occasionally climb, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl, can occasionally reach overhead, can frequently reach, handle, and finger with her left upper (non-dominant) extremity, can understand, remember, and carry out simple, routine, and repetitive tasks, can respond appropriately to supervisors, co-workers, and usual work situations and can have occasional contact with the general public. (Tr. 56).
RFC is the most a person can do despite that person's limitations. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1). It is defined as the individual's maximum remaining ability to do sustained work activity in an ordinary work setting "on a regular and continuing basis." 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545 and 416.945; Social Security Ruling (SSR) 96-8p (1996). It is assessed using all relevant evidence in the record. Id. This includes medical records, observations of treatingphysicians and others, and the claimant's own descriptions of her limitations. Guilliams v. Barnhart, 393 F.3d 798, 801 (8th Cir. 2005); Eichelberger v. Barnhart, 390 F.3d 584, 591 (8th Cir. 2004). Limitations resulting from symptoms such as pain are also factored into the assessment. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(3). The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit has held that a "claimant's residual functional capacity is a medical question." Lauer v. Apfel, 245 F.3d 700, 704 (8th Cir. 2001). Therefore, an ALJ's determination concerning a claimant's RFC must be supported by medical evidence that addresses the claimant's ability to function in the workplace." Lewis v. Barnhart, 353 F.3d 642, 646 (8th Cir. 2003).
Of particular concern to the court is the ALJ determination of the Plaintiff's RFC. A Physical RFC was provided by DDS Dr. Lucy Sauer on April 24, 2009 which found that the Plaintiff could lift 20 pounds occasionally, 10 pounds frequently and that she could stand and/or walk and sit for 6 hours in an 8 hour workday, and had no limitations in her ability to push and/or pull (T. 454). Dr. Sauer found no postural limitations (T. 455) and Limited Manipulative Limitations in the Plaintiff's ability to reach in all directions (T. 456). Dr. Sauer notes that the Plaintiff had a "fusion, no complications" and that there was insufficient evidence to rate the claim as of the date last insured. (T. 460). Dr. Bill Payne reviewed and affirmed Dr. Sauer's opinion on June 19, 2009 (T. 468). See Jenkins v. Apfel, 196 F.3d 922, 925 (8th Cir. 1999) ().
In this case an MRI of the Plaintiff's neck in August 2004 showed a "focal diskprotrusion centrally and slightly toward the left at level of C5-6, with possible encroachment on the nerve root at this level. (T. 751). Another MRI was performed in December 2008 showed a (T. 441). Dr. Queeney explained to the Plaintiff that his proposed surgery had substantial risk associated with it including that "she probably already has had permanent nerve damage and this may not recover" and that the surgery may completely relieve her pain. The Plaintiff was willing to accept the risk and proceed with the surgery (Id.).
On January 27, 2009 Dr. Queeney performed an anterior cervical diskectomy with fusion for chronic neck and upper extremity pain. During the procedure he noted that there was "significant spondylosis dorsally" and a "very large herniated disc" which was removed. Dr. Queeney noted that he explored the spinal canal and "no further nerve root compression was identified nor any further herniated discs". Dr. Queeney did not see the Plaintiff again until April 2009 noting that...
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