Guarino v. Celebrezze

• Decision Date: 21 August 1964
• Docket Number: No. 14765.,14765.
• Parties: Angelo GUARINO, Executor of Estate of Carmen Ciciretti, Deceased v. Anthony J. CELEBREZZE, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

336 F.2d 336 (1964)

Angelo GUARINO, Executor of Estate of Carmen Ciciretti, Deceased v. Anthony J. CELEBREZZE, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Appellant.

No. 14765.

United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.

Argued April 21, 1964.

Decided August 21, 1964.

Robert V. Zener, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C. (John W. Douglas, Asst. Atty. Gen., Drew J. T. O'Keefe, U. S. Atty., Sherman L. Cohn, Atty., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., on the brief), for appellant.

A. A. Guarino, Philadelphia, Pa., for appellee.

Before KALODNER, FORMAN and SMITH, Circuit Judges.

KALODNER, Circuit Judge.

This appeal is from a summary judgment for the plaintiff in an action brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C.A. 405(g) to review a final decision of the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare refusing to make any payment of benefits to the estate of the deceased wage earner Carmen Ciciretti. The opinion of the District Court is reported at 222 F.Supp. 345 (E.D.Pa.1963).

The undisputed relevant facts may be summarized as follows:

On July 16, 1958 Ciciretti filed his application for old age retirement benefits under § 202¹ of the Social Security Act with the Social Security Administration ("Administration"). He died on July 26, 1958. Unaware of that fact, the Administration on August 19, 1958 issued a "Determination of Award", allotting monthly retirement benefits of $84.70, retroactive to January 1958, and mailed a check for $677.60 to Ciciretti on September 4, 1958. The check included the months of July and August. Angelo Guarino, executor of Ciciretti's estate, and plaintiff herein, returned the check to the Administration on September 10, 1958, advising it of the death of the wage earner and requesting a check in the proper amount payable to him as executor. The Administration refused that request and similar ones, and subsequently made payment of $508.20² to Ciciretti's wife Filomena in Italy. She had not lived with him since 1910.

A hearing was had before an Examiner on December 5, 1960 on the plaintiff's objection to the Administration's action. The Hearing Examiner affirmed the initial determination on his reasoning that issuance of a check to the decedent was error, and that under § 204(a) of the Social Security Act³ payment to the decedent's widow was properly made. Thereafter, on October 26, 1962, the Appeals Council of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare denied the plaintiff's "Request for Review" of the Hearing Examiner's decision, resulting in the review proceedings in the District Court which led to this appeal.

On this appeal the Secretary contends that "error" was committed when the Administration failed to make the payment due Ciciretti before his death, and that further "errors" were made when a check was issued, and sent to him after his death, which included payment for July and August 1958 to which he was not entitled. He urges that under § 204(a) of the Social Security Act an adjustment was properly made by increasing the subsequent payment due decedent's widow by the amount he was entitled to at the time of his death.

In answer, the plaintiff asserts that once the decedent wage earner was entitled to social security benefits in accordance with the Act by (1) being fully insured, (2) being of age, and (3) filing application for benefits due, he or his estate did not lose the right to receive benefits accrued, merely because they were not paid prior to his death.

It is settled that Social Security benefits are not vested in a property sense, i. e. they are subject to defeasance by act of Congress, so long as that action is not arbitrary. See Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603, 80 S.Ct. 1367, 4 L.Ed.2d 1435 (1960); Bernstein v. Ribicoff, 299 F.2d 248 (3 Cir. 1962), cert. den. 369 U.S. 887, 82 S.Ct. 1161, 8 L.Ed.2d 288. It follows, that all rights depend solely upon the statutory scheme involved.

The Social Security Act provides that one who is fully insured, has attained the requisite retirement age, and has filed his application in the proper manner is entitled to benefits ceasing with the month prior to his death. This Court has held that where the wage earner was qualified to receive benefits but failed to file application prior to death, no one was entitled to the benefits that might otherwise have been payable had he lived. Coy v. Folsom, 228 F.2d 276, 3 Cir., (1955). Here the wage earner had filed his application and then died before the Administration had processed it.

The Secretary argues that (1) failure to make payment is an "underpayment" constituting "error * * * with respect to payments," see C.F.R. § 404.501(d), and (2) that in case of "error" § 204(a) provides that adjustment be made by increasing subsequent payments in respect to the decedent's wages, requiring in this case payment to the decedent's widow who is the beneficiary of certain widow's benefits under the Act.

The Secretary's argument stands or falls on whether there was in fact "error" in payment. Neither the Act nor the Regulations pursuant to it define the term "error", although the Regulations speak of "error" in terms of "overpayment" and "underpayment"; and they further provide that "underpayment" includes "nonpayment". See C.F.R. § 404.501. However, the Act requires "error * * * with respect to payments" and "error" connotes "mistake". See Funk & Wagnalls, New Standard Dictionary, 848 (1942). Therefore, "nonpayment" without "mistake" is not "error". And that is precisely what happened here — the Administration was in the process of handling the wage earner's application when he died; at no time was there any "mistake" or even "payment" until after his death.

Beers v. Federal Security...