Hall v. Langlois

• Decision Date: 26 April 1971
• Docket Number: No. 1020-E,1020-E
• Citation: 276 A.2d 768,108 R.I. 454
• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court
• Parties: Everett HALL v. Harold V. LANGLOIS, Warden. x. &c.

Page 768

276 A.2d 768

108 R.I. 454

Everett HALL v. Harold V. LANGLOIS, Warden.

No. 1020-Ex. &c.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

April 26, 1971.

[108 R.I. 463] James Cardono, Public Defender, William F. Reilly, Asst. Public Defender, for petitioner.

Herbert F. DeSimone, Atty. Gen., Donald P. Ryan, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent.

OPINION

PAOLINO, Justice.

In Hall v. Langlois, 105 R.I. 642, 254 A.2d 282, we held that this petitioner had failed to establish that he did not voluntarily plead nolo contendere at his original trial in the Superior Court. We also found that the petitioner failed to produce any evidence tending to prove that he had not received assistance of counsel when he waived the finding and filing of indictments and when he pleaded nolo contendere and was sentenced. That case was before us on the petitioner's exception to the denial of his petition for writ of error coram nobis. The petitioner did not take the stand in the hearing of that petition in the Superior Court.

After the decision in Hall v. Langlois, supra, was filed, petitioner, with the consent of the state, was granted a rehearing by the Superior Court on the original petition for writ of error coram nobis. At the rehearing he took the stand in support of his claim that he was not represented by counsel at any time from his arrest to the time that he was sentenced; that he did not understand the consequences of a waiver of indictment; and that he did not understand the consequences of a nolo plea. After the hearing, the trial justice denied and dismissed petitioner's petition. The case is before us now on petitioner's exception to that denial.

The petitioner's testimony, in substance, is as follows. On March 9, 1948, when he was 33 years of age, he was arrested in California and was in police custody from then until sentenced on March 24, 1948. He did not confer with, nor was he represented by counsel, at any time during that period. He admitted he never asked for counsel and denied that the services of the public defendant were offered to him. He said no one was appointed to represent him. He stated that a captain of detectives in the Providence Police Department forced him to sign the waiver of indictments by making certain threats; that the captain did not advise him of his constitutional rights in relation to such waiver; and that no one advised him about the nature and consequences of a plea of nolo, or the significance of signing a petition for a waiver of the indictments. He said he asked an officer at the prison for a waiver form and that he signed it at the prison in the presence of the officer.

He testified about his employment and earnings prior to the date of one of the robberies with which he was charged and said he had about $232 or $240 of his money in his possession when he was arrested. He never told the sentencing judge that he was indigent and could not afford the services of an attorney. He admitted he wrote a letter to the then Attorney General requesting to '* * * go before a Judge at the earliest possible time and plead guilty to the charge of robbery and take sentence,' but said in effect that he did this because of the pressure that was brought on him. He attended seven grades of school and said he could read and write.

John A. Lepore, an assistant clerk of the Superior Court, appeared as a witness at the request of petitioner and the Attorney General. He testified about certain records pertaining to the three cases against petitioner and explained the practice of noting in pencil on an indictment whether an attorney represents a defendant when he appears at arraignment. He said that there was no reference on the papers which he had before him to an attorney representing petitioner when he pleaded to these charges. However, he also said that there were other papers in this case which were not then available. He had no recollection from the handling of the other papers in the case as to whether any notation of an attorney's name appeared on those papers. He said that the petition to waive indictments would be with those papers. The hearing was continued two weeks in order to give the parties an opportunity to locate the other papers.

At the resumption of the hearing the trial justice was informed that the other papers, which included the original complaints and warrants, and the petition to waive indictments, had been located. The state then presented a witness to establish that on March 24, 1948, the late John McGrane was an assistant to the then public defender. The state also presented as a witness the captain of detectives, whom petitioner had charged with forcing him to sign the petition for waiver of indictments. This witness denied petitioner's claim. He testified that he would not know whether petitioner was represented by counsel on March 24, 1948, but that as far as he could remember petitioner was not represented by counsel at the police station or in the District Court. In reply to a question inquiring whether in 1948 the police were advising defendants of their right to counsel, the witness said that as far as he was concerned, petitioner was not so advised.

The state's final witness was Thomas S. Luongo, Jr., an assistant clerk of the Superior Court. He identified the petition for waiver of indictments and the original complaints and warrants. He testified that certain pencil notations appeared on the outer jacket of the papers; that these notations were 'Pub. Def.' and 'Mc G'; and that in his opinion his predecessor had made these notations. He admitted that he could not say whether these notations were made on March 24, 1948, or prior or subsequent thereto, but he said that normally his predecessor would have made them on the day of arraignment.

In his written decision the trial justice reviewed the applicable law and the pertinent evidence. In discussing petitioner's plea of nolo contendere, he referred to the following statement in Harris v.Langlois, 100 R.I. 196, 198, 212 A.2d 715, 716:

'In order to vacate the plea, however, a petitioner has a twofold obligation. First, he must point to a record which fails to disclose that the trial justice performed his duty, and second, he is required to negative a waiver of his right to a jury trial, and this burden he can meet only by establishing by a preponderance of the evidence that he was not otherwise aware and appreciative of the consequences of the plea.'

He held that, in the absence of a transcript of the sentencing proceedings, petitioner must be relieved of the burden of showing that the trial justice failed to perform his duty in accordance with the requirements prescribed in Northrop v. Langlois, 100 R.I. 349, 215 A.2d 926; Harris v. Langlois, supra; Cole v. Langlois, 99 R.I. 138, 206 A.2d 216; Lonardo v. Langlois, 98 R.I. 493, 205 A.2d 19. As to the second obligation laid down in Harris, he found that petitioner had not shown by a fair preponderance of the evidence that he was unaware of the nature and consequences of a plea of nolo contendere.

The trial justice inferred from petitioner's letter to the Attorney General that petitioner's intention, subsequent to waiving examination in the District Court, was to plead guilty and accept sentence. He found that this letter contradicted petitioner's testimony that he expected a jury trial in the three cases. He said that the complaints and warrants in the three cases clearly indicate that although pleas of not guilty were entered in the District Court, petitioner waived examination in all three cases. He concluded that these circumstances tend to indicate that petitioner desired from the time of his arraignment in the District Court to proceed through the legal procedure to sentencing without delay.

He further found from the evience presented relative to the pencil notations on the jackets that, at the time of petitioner's plea of nolo and sentencing, he was represented by counsel. He also said that he was satisfied that petitioner had not shown by a fair preponderance of the evidence that he was unrepresented at both court appearances. He observed that there was nothing in the record to disclose that petitioner desired or sought counsel at the time of his court appearances; that there had been no showing of indigency; and that the proof would appear to be to the contrary.

With regard to petitioner's claim that he was 'forced' to sign the waiver of indictments because of threats made by the captain of detectives, the trial justice said that the captain's denial, together with the inconsistencies in petitioner's testimony, led him to the conclusion that petitioner's claim was without foundation.

On the basis of such findings the trial justice denied and dismissed the petition. The case is before us on petitioner's exception to that denial. The petitioner asks that the sentence be vacated; that he be permitted to withdraw his plea of nolo; and that the petition to waive indictments be set aside.

The only question raised by petitioner relates to the waiver ¹ of the finding and filing of indictments by the grand jury. He argues that the failure of the trial justice to advise him of the consequences and significance of his petition to waive the indictments was a denial of due process of law. In support of his position he cites the Opinion to the Governor, 62 R.I. 200, 204, 4 A.2d 487, 489, pertaining to article I, secs. 7, 10 and 15 ² of our state constitution:

'These three sections should be read together as expressly providing certain essential guarantees intended for the protection of one accused of a capital or infamous crime. They provide the basic principles of law and procedure which must be complied with in order to have a valid trial of an accused in such a case.'

He argues that when a defendant waives indictment it is the duty of the trial justice to ascertain...