Hall v. State
Decision Date | 30 November 2010 |
Docket Number | No. 06A05-1003-CR-187.,06A05-1003-CR-187. |
Citation | 937 N.E.2d 911 |
Parties | Albert J. HALL, Appellant-Defendant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee-Plaintiff. |
Court | Indiana Appellate Court |
Darren C. Chadd, Kirtley, Taylor, Sims, Chadd & Minnette, P.C., Lebanon, IN, Attorney for Appellant.
Gregory F. Zoeller, Attorney General of Indiana, Angela N. Sanchez, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.
Albert J. Hall was convicted after a jury trial of operating a motor vehicle as an habitual traffic violator ("HTV"),1 a Class D felony. He appeals, raising the followingrestated issue: Whether the trial court committed fundamental error in its instruction on the mens rea element of the Habitual Traffic Violator Statute.
We reverse and remand.
On April 28, 2008, Thorntown Police Officer Frank Clark stopped Hall's vehicle and arrested Hall for operating a motor vehicle as an HTV. Appellant's App. at 15. At trial, Hall did not dispute that he was an HTV or that he was driving a vehicle at the time he was stopped by Officer Clark, but rather, Hall argued that at the time Officer Clark stopped him, he did not know his license had been suspended. Tr. at 105-07. Although notice had been sent by the Bureau of Motor Vehicles (the "BMV"), Hall claims he did not receive notice of his suspension and that the street address in the BMV's records was misspelled. Id. at 102-03. Hall stated that his address was on Fairington Avenue, not Farington Avenue, the address listed in the BMV's records. Id.
In both the preliminary and final instructions, the trial court gave the following instruction to the jury as Instruction Number 5:
Appellant's App. at 108, 125 (emphasis added). Both before the start of trial and before closing arguments, the trial court reviewed the proposed instructions with the parties. Tr. at 3-5, 123-25. Hall did not object to the above instruction or tender any alternative instruction. Id. The jury found Hall guilty of operating a motor vehicle as an HTV. Appellant's App. at 146. Hall now appeals.
Prior to 2000, the HTV statute contained no mens rea requirement. Ind.Code § 9-30-10-16. Our Supreme Court interpreted the statute to require that a defendant knew or should have known that his license was suspended. See Stewart v. State, 721 N.E.2d 876, 879 (Ind.1999). In 2000, the Indiana General Assembly amended the statute to include a mens rea requirement. The amended statute prohibits a person from operating a motor vehicle while the person's driving privileges are validly suspended and "the person knows that the person's driving privileges are suspended." Ind.Code § 9-30-10-16(a)(1).
Hall contends that the trial court committed fundamental error when it instructed the jury that Hall should be found guilty if he "knew or should have known that his driving privileges were suspended" rather than instructing the jury that he should be found guilty only if he knew his driving privileges were suspended. The State concedes that the challenged instruction was error but contends that by failing to object or tender an alternative instruction, Hall waived his claim of error.
Failure to object to an instruction at trial typically results in waiver of the issue on appeal. Clay v. State, 766 N.E.2d 33, 36 (Ind.Ct.App.2002). If an instruction is so flawed that it constitutes fundamental error, however, waiver does not preclude review on appeal. Id. To qualify as fundamental, an error must be so prejudicial to the rights of the defendant as to make a fair trial impossible. Id. Fundamental error is a substantial, blatant violation of due process. Taylor v. State, 717 N.E.2d 90, 93 (Ind.1999).
Our Supreme Court has found fundamental error where the jury was instructed that it could convict based on a lesser mens rea than that provided in the statute. See Metcalfe v. State, 715 N.E.2d 1236, 1237 (Ind.1999); Wilson v. State, 644 N.E.2d 555, 557 (Ind.1994); Beasley v. State, 643 N.E.2d 346, 348 (Ind.1994); Greer v. State, 643 N.E.2d 324, 326 (Ind.1994); Simmons v. State, 642 N.E.2d 511, 513 (Ind.1994). However, error in an instruction on mens rea does not rise to the level of fundamental error where either the instructions as a whole sufficiently inform the jury of the required mens rea or the defendant's mens rea was not a central issue at trial. See Ramsey v. State, 723 N.E.2d 869, 872-73 (Ind.2000); Yerden v. State, 682 N.E.2d 1283, 1286 (Ind.1997); Swallows v. State, 674 N.E.2d 1317, 1318 (I...
To continue reading
Request your trial-
Gary v. State
...error is a substantial, blatant violation of due process that also exposes the defendant to undeniable harm. Hall v. State , 937 N.E.2d 911, 913 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). However, in my mind, the question is, can the violation of a long established common law and statutory right provide the bas......
-
Mateo v. State
...violation of due process” that is so prejudicial to the rights of the defendant that a fair trial was impossible. Hall v. State, 937 N.E.2d 911, 913 (Ind.Ct.App.2010). We first note that Mateo did not object to the State's use of alleged perjured testimony in either instance, nor did he ask......
-
Clemons v. State
...that she must consequently establish fundamental error in order to prevail on her claim of instructional error. See Hall v. State , 937 N.E.2d 911, 913 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (noting that failure to object to jury instructions at trial results in waiver of the issue on appeal unless the instr......
-
Mateo v. State
...violation of due process” that is so prejudicial to the rights of the defendant that a fair trial was impossible. Hall v. State, 937 N.E.2d 911, 913 (Ind.Ct.App.2010). We first note that Mateo did not object to the State's use of alleged perjured testimony in either instance, nor did he ask......