Hamilton v. Kuligowski, Docket No. 244126.

• Decision Date: 07 July 2004
• Docket Number: Docket No. 244126.
• Citation: 261 Mich.App. 608,684 N.W.2d 366
• Parties: Shirley HAMILTON, personal representative of the Estate of Rosalie Ackley, Plaintiff/Cross-Appellee/Appellant, and Blue Cross Blue Shield, Intervening Plaintiff, v. Mark F. KULIGOWSKI, D.O., Defendant/Cross-Appellant/Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

684 N.W.2d 366

261 Mich.App. 608

Shirley HAMILTON, personal representative of the Estate of Rosalie Ackley, Plaintiff/Cross-Appellee/Appellant, and Blue Cross Blue Shield, Intervening Plaintiff, v. Mark F. KULIGOWSKI, D.O., Defendant/Cross-Appellant/Appellee.

Docket No. 244126.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted April 6, 2004, at Lansing.

Decided April 22, 2004, at 9:05 a.m.

Released for Publication July 7, 2004.

McKeen & Associates, P.C. (by Brian J. McKeen and Ramona C. Howard), Detroit, for Shirley Hamilton.

Smith Bovill, P.C. (by Stephan M. Gaus), Saginaw, for Mark F. Kuligowski, D.O.

Before: O'CONNELL, P.J., and JANSEN and MURRAY, JJ.

O'CONNELL, P.J.

Plaintiff¹ appeals as of right an order granting defendant's motion for a directed verdict. We reverse. According to the complaint defendant failed to identify the decedent as a high-risk stroke patient, "undertake a prompt work up" for stroke, and "make an urgent referral" after the decedent experienced pre-stroke symptoms. A jury trial commenced on April 30, 2002.

On the fourth day of trial, plaintiff called her standard-of-care expert, Dr. Arnold Markowitz, to the witness stand. Dr. Markowitz testified that he was board-certified in internal medicine. He also asserted that he had additional subspecialty training in the area of infectious diseases and that he devoted the majority of his medical practice to that subspecialty of internal medicine. At the conclusion of voir dire by defendant Dr. Markowitz, defendant asked the trial court to "strike Dr. Markowitz as an expert under MCL 600.2169." Defendant asserted that MCL 600.2169 requires an expert on standard of care to devote the majority of his active clinical practice in the same specialty and practice as the defendant physician. Defendant argued that he was a "board certified internist" with "a subspecialty in geriatrics," while the vast majority of Dr. Markowitz's clinical practice was "devoted to infectious disease." Because Dr. Markowitz did not devote a majority of his active clinical practice to the same subspecialty as defendant, defendant asserted that Dr. Markowitz's testimony was precluded under MCL 600.2169(1)(b)(i). The trial court agreed with defendant and ruled that Dr. Markowitz's testimony was precluded under MCL 600.2169(1)(b)(i).

On appeal, plaintiff argues that the trial court erred when it ruled that Dr. Markowitz was precluded by MCL 600.2169(1)(b)(i) from testifying and compounded that error when it granted defendant's motion for a directed verdict. We agree. We review for abuse of discretion a trial court's decisions regarding an expert witness's qualifications and the ultimate admissibility of the expert witness's testimony. Tate v. Detroit Receiving Hosp., 249 Mich.App. 212, 215, 642 N.W.2d 346 (2002).

The statutory provision governing expert witnesses in medical malpractice cases, MCL 600.2169, "contains strict requirements concerning the qualification of expert witnesses in medical malpractice cases." McDougall v. Schanz, 461 Mich. 15, 28, 597 N.W.2d 148 (1999). Specifically, MCL 600.2169(1)(b)(i) states that an expert witness must devote "a majority of his or her professional time" to the "active clinical practice of the same health profession" as the treating physician, and if the physician was a board-certified specialist, the time must be devoted to "the active clinical practice of that specialty." The statute "requires an expert witness to possess the same specialty as that engaged in by the defendant physician during the course of the alleged malpractice." Tate, supra at 220, 642 N.W.2d 346.

In this case, defendant specialized in internal medicine, with a special emphasis on geriatric medicine. Dr. Markowitz also specialized in internal medicine, he simply focused on the different subspecialty of infectious diseases. Dr. Markowitz carefully explained, and plaintiff confirmed with documentation, that the subspecialty "infectious diseases" was a more focused application of internal medicine, but internal medicine nonetheless. He repeatedly explained that his practice was still entirely within the ambit of internal medicine. Def...