Hanley v. United Steel Workers of America

• Decision Date: 01 May 1956
• Docket Number: No. 1067,1067
• Citation: 119 Vt. 187,122 A.2d 872
• Parties: , 30 Lab.Cas. P 69,983 James F. HANLEY v. UNITED STEEL WORKERS OF AMERICA.
• Court: Vermont Supreme Court

Page 872

122 A.2d 872

119 Vt. 187, 30 Lab.Cas. P 69,983

James F. HANLEY v. UNITED STEEL WORKERS OF AMERICA.

No. 1067.

Supreme Court of Vermont.

May 1, 1956.

Lawrence & O'Brien, Rutland, for plaintiff.

Joseph M. O'Neill, Rutland, for defendant.

Before JEFFORDS, C. J., CLEARY, ADAMS and HULBURD, JJ., and HOLDEN, Superior Judge.

ADAMS, Justice.

This is an action of contract. The defendant entered a special appearance and filed a motion to dismiss the cause. The motion was denied. The case is here before final judgment on exceptions allowed the defendant to this action of the trial court.

The grounds of the motion to dismiss are in substance: (1) That it appears by the officer's return on the writ that service was made on the defendant by service on three persons alleged to be members of the defendant unincorporated association, pursuant to the provisions of V.S. 47, § 1565, as though the defendant was a domestic unincorporated association. (2) That, on the contrary, the defendant is a foreign unincorporated association consisting of more than five members and having a president, vice-president and secretary-treasurer with its office and principal place of business in the City of Pittsburgh, County of Allegheny, State of Pennsylvania. (3) The defendant further says that the writ was not served on the defendant, an unincorporated association, at any other time or in any other manner nor did the defendant through any of its officers, agents or members accept service of the writ. (4) The defendant not being a domestic unincorporated association, the provisions of § 1565 of V.S. 47 are not applicable to it in obtaining service of process, 'all of which the defendant is ready to verify.' (5) The provisions of § 1565 are not available to the plaintiff for obtaining service upon the defendant, a foreign unincorporated association, his remedy being under the provisions of sections 6115 and 6116, provided the same be applicable as a matter of law. The motion ends with a prayer for judgment that for lack of legal service the 'defendant may be dismissed and discharged from the premises in said cause and for its just costs.'

The bill of exceptions states, in substance, that service was made on the defendant pursuant to the provisions of V.S. 47, § 1565, that the defendant through its attorney filed its motion to dismiss and prayed that the writ be dismissed for lack of legal service on the defendant, that upon hearing the motion was denied and exceptions allowed the defendant and that the files, pleadings and docket entries are referred to and made a part hereof and shall be controlling.

The court made no findings of fact and counsel for the defendant stated in oral argument in this Court that the matter was heard on the pleadings and no findings were requested.

The defendant in his brief treats the case as before the trial court on a motion to dismiss and it is apparent from the foregoing that the court so treated it. We, therefore, so treat it here. The plaintiff in his brief in reply to the brief of the defendant says that the statute in question in regard to service of the writ is section 1565. The counsel for the defendant in oral argument stated that there is no question but that service was proper if made on a domestic unincorporated association.

Section 1565 reads as follows:

1565. Service of process. A partnership or an unincorporated association or joint stock company may sue and be sued in its firm, associate or company name and service of process against such partnership, association or company made upon either the president, other principal officer, clerk, treasurer or any member thereof, shall have the same force and effect as regards the joint rights, property and effects of the partnership, association or company as if served upon all the partners, associates or shareholders.

The inquiry under a motion to dismiss relates only to what appears of record and does not reach defects that require extrinsic proof to establish. In re Everett's Estate, 112 Vt. 252, 254, 23 A.2d 202, and many cases cited therein; Holden & Martin Lumber Co. v. Stuart, 118 Vt. 286, 289, 108 A.2d 387.

Defects in the issuance and service of process which are not apparent of record cannot be taken advantage of by a motion to dismiss or abate, but only by a plea upon which an issue can be formed. Stevens v. Bowker, 93 Vt. 480, 482, 108 A. 347, and cases cited.

The officer's return is not a part of the record in a technical sense but it is a part of the papers on file which constitute the proceedings in the cause and it may be referred to in connection with a motion to dismiss. Bent v. Bent, 43 Vt. 42, 44; Chapman v. Chapman, 118 Vt. 120, 125, 100 A.2d 584.

From an inspection of the writ and the officer's return thereon in the instant case, it appears: The writ describes and sets forth the defendant as an unincorporated association consisting of more than five members, doing business at the City of Rutland, County of Rutland and State of Vermont. The return of the officer who served the writ sets forth that he served it at the City of Rutland in the County of Rutland on the defendant by delivering to each of three members of the defendant, naming each, a true and attested copy of the writ with his return thereon endorsed.

To find the facts otherwise, it would be necessary that testimony aliunde be received, and this would be improper on a motion to dismiss, even though it could be received, under other modes of pleading. Connecticut & P. R. R. Co. v. Bailey, 24 Vt. 465, 472.

The defendant urges that we should take judicial notice of the facts found in the case of Hanley v. United Steel Workers of America, 118 Vt. 378, 110 A.2d 728, claiming that case was between the same parties as the instant case. The parties are not the same. In the former case, the defendant was described as a foreign corporation and the plea was that it was not. The suit was dismissed on a finding by the trial court that it was unable to find that it was a corporation and that it was an unincorporated association having an office in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the instant case the defendant is described as an unincorporated association doing business in the City of Rutland.

Although the defendant in the case in 118 Vt. 378, 110 A.2d 728, supra and the defendant in the instant case have the same name they are distinct and different entities. An association is ordinarily not a legal entity distinct from its component individuals, whereas a corporation is always and necessarily a distinct and separate legal entity. 7 C.J.S., Associations, § 1, p. 21, note 21. Where in a suit against an organization which is in fact a voluntary association, it is alleged to be a corporation and none of its members are parties, a decree of dismissal for want of proof of corporate...