Harkins v. Atlanta Humane Society, A03A1422.

• Decision Date: 14 November 2003
• Docket Number: No. A03A1422.,A03A1422.
• Parties: HARKINS v. ATLANTA HUMANE SOCIETY et al.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

590 S.E.2d 737

264 Ga. App. 356

HARKINS v. ATLANTA HUMANE SOCIETY et al.

No. A03A1422.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

November 14, 2003.

Reconsideration Denied November 26, 2003.

Certiorari Granted March 29, 2004.

Stuckey & Manheimer, Hollie G. Manheimer, Gerald R. Weber, Jr., Atlanta, for appellant.

Lipshutz, Greenblatt & King, Edward L. Greenblatt, Atlanta, James V. Zito, Alpharetta, for appellees.

Dow, Lohnes & Albertson, Christopher L. Meazell, Atlanta, Kesler T. Roberts, Athens, amici curiae. MILLER, Judge.

Barbara L. Harkins appeals from the trial court's order denying her second motion to dismiss a defamation lawsuit pursuant to Georgia's anti-SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation) statute. OCGA § 9-11-11.1. Atlanta Humane Society (AHS) and its executive director sued Harkins for defamation after Harkins made statements concerning AHS's procedures and methods of animal control while being interviewed by a local television station. Harkins's statements led to an investigation, and AHS lost some of its funding as a result. Harkins moved to dismiss twice, and the trial court denied both motions. The first motion was based on the plaintiffs' failure to verify their complaint pursuant to the requirements of OCGA § 9-11-11.1(b). The plaintiffs amended their complaint to add the requisite verification, and Harkins filed a second motion to dismiss based on the substantive argument that the lawsuit against her had been unlawfully initiated in response to her exercising her right to free speech. The trial court denied this second motion (making no factual findings as to the basis for the denial) and further refused to reconsider its order, prompting this interlocutory appeal. We hold that, despite appellees' compliance with the procedural requirements for verifying their complaint pursuant to the anti-SLAPP statute, the undisputed facts here reveal that the lawsuit initiated by AHS and its executive director was prohibited by the statute and should have been dismissed. We therefore reverse.

The record reveals that Harkins was a full-time AHS employee in 1998, serving as an adoption counselor. In 1999 Harkins met with Bill Garrett, the executive director of AHS, to discuss her concerns regarding AHS's operating procedures. In this meeting, Garrett advised Harkins of various AHS procedures and declined to adopt most of her suggestions. Dissatisfied with the meeting, Harkins contacted the AHS Board by letter to inform them of her concerns regarding animal treatment and to suggest policy changes. Harkins did not receive a response from the Board, so she met with Garrett again.

In September 2001, Harkins resigned from AHS. That summer WSB-TV had initiated an investigation into AHS, and this investigation led to a news spotlight series that aired on November 1, 2, and 9, 2001. Harkins was one of many individuals interviewed for the spotlight series, where she made several statements that later formed the basis for AHS's defamation lawsuit against her:

(1) Responding to a TV reporter's statement that AHS "claims its clinic is open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year," Harkins said, "No. There's no one there at night."

(2) Harkins further stated, "Prior to leaving [AHS], I asked `Why do we not investigate cruelty?' [and Bill Garrett] said `[W]e don't—we lose money on every cruelty investigation.'"

(3) Harkins also said, "And, I'm passionate to a cause. And things are not right, and they need to change. And people of Atlanta need to know. Things are desperately wrong [at AHS]."

(4) In connection with her stated observation that AHS ambulances are not used, Harkins said, "That's my experience, yes."

(5) Referring to AHS cruelty investigations over a three-year period, Harkins said, "I just know of one."

AHS provided animal control services for Atlanta and Fulton County pursuant to a contract between the three of them. Two hundred eighty one thousand dollars of AHS's 2001 budget of $1.9 million came from taxpayer funds from Fulton County, and an additional $472,000 came from the City of Atlanta. The contract was automatically renewed every year contingent on the governments' approving the contract's amounts in their annual budget. If the County and the City wished to terminate their contract with AHS, they could do so with a 90-day notice to AHS.

The Fulton County Board of Commissioners held a meeting on November 21, 2001, and at this meeting asked for (i) a report regarding the allegations against the Fulton County Animal Control Board, and (ii) a presentation concerning these allegations to be given at their next meeting. Harkins and others met with the AHS staff in the following week to discuss AHS's animal control contract with Fulton County. At the next meeting of the Fulton County Commission in early December, the liaison between the Commission and Fulton County Animal Control gave a report on the allegations. Garrett wrote a letter to the Commission, in which he implied that the allegations were false and expressed the importance of the services AHS provides. On December 19, 2001, the Commission heard additional comments concerning whether Fulton County should maintain its animal control contract with AHS. Two days after this meeting, AHS and Garrett filed their defamation suit against Harkins.

Harkins moved to dismiss the lawsuit pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-11.1(b), because plaintiffs failed to verify their complaint. Six days later, AHS and Garrett filed affidavits to fulfill the verification requirement. See OCGA § 9-11-11.1(b). The trial court denied Harkins's motion.

Harkins then moved to dismiss a second time, arguing that, despite the verification, the lawsuit was still improper in light of the anti-SLAPP statute, because the suit itself was an unlawful attempt to infringe upon Harkins's right to free speech. The court denied the second motion, and Harkins moved for reconsideration. Harkins's motion for reconsideration was denied, and having followed the interlocutory appeal procedure, she now appeals.

1. The central question on appeal is whether the verification requirement of the anti-SLAPP statute is merely a procedural device that, once complied with, prevents a potential SLAPP suit from being dismissed, or whether, despite compliance with the procedural verification requirements, a claim may still be dismissed based on the substantive protection that the anti-SLAPP statute provides for persons who exercise their right to free speech.

In order to resolve this central issue, we must first look to the stated purpose of the anti-SLAPP statute, which is contained in OCGA § 9-11-11.1(a):

The General Assembly of Georgia finds and declares that it is in the public interest to encourage participation by the citizens of Georgia in matters of public significance through the exercise of their constitutional rights of freedom of speech and the right to petition government for redress of grievances. The General Assembly of Georgia further finds and declares that the valid exercise of the constitutional rights of freedom of speech and the right to petition government for a redress of grievances should not be chilled through abuse of the judicial process.

Thus, the statute provides protection for any act "which could reasonably be construed as an act in furtherance of the right of free speech or the right to petition government for a redress of grievances under the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of the State of Georgia in connection with an issue of public interest or concern...." OCGA § 9-11-11.1(b). Once the anti-SLAPP statute applies, a claimant must verify the complaint pursuant to the requirements of OCGA § 9-11-11.1(b), or the claim may be properly dismissed. Hawks...