Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection Ins Co v. Harrison
Citation | 57 S.Ct. 838,301 U.S. 459,81 L.Ed. 1223 |
Decision Date | 24 May 1937 |
Docket Number | No. 355,355 |
Parties | HARTFORD STEAM BOILER INSPECTION & INS. CO. et al. v. HARRISON, Insurance Com'r |
Court | United States Supreme Court |
Appeal from the Supreme Court of the State of Georgia.
Mr. Marion Smith, of Atlanta, Ga., for appellants.
Mr. B. D. Murphy, of Atlanta, Ga., for appellee.
The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Company, a stock corporation organized under the laws of Connecticut carrying on casualty insurance business in Georgia, and its salaried employee W. M. Francis, citizen of that State, asked the Superior Court, Fulton County, for a mandamus requiring the Insurance Commission to license him as resident agent. The Commissioner claimed that while duly qualified in all other respects, the employee could not be so licensed because of the inhibition in section 1, Act of the General Assembly, approved March 28, 1935. Georgia Laws, 1935, p. 140:
'No licensed fire or casualty insurance company or company writing fidelity or surety bonds, shall write or issue any policy or indemnity contract on any risk in this State except through a resident agent licensed by the Insurance Commissioner: Provided * * * The words 'resident agent' as used in this section are deemed to mean resident agents engaged in the solicitation of such business from the public generally and shall not include any salaried employee of any insurance company doing business in this State; but shall include any agents of mutual insurance companies however compensated.'
Appellants claimed that enforcement of the quoted inhibition would deprive them of the equal protection of the laws, contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment.
The trial court ruled 'that said act, in discriminating against stock companies and the agents thereof, and in favor of mutual companies and the agents thereof, sets up an arbitrary classification bearing no reasonable relationship to the subject-matter of the legislation, and is discriminatory, depriving both petitioner, The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Company, as an insurance company, and petitioner, W. M. Francis, as an individual, of their constitutional rights.' Accordingly, it directed that mandamus issue.
In the State Supreme Court counsel agreed that the sole question involved was the constitutionality of the statute. That Court, being of opinion that the act prescribed no undue discrimination and did not otherwise conflict with the Federal Constitution, reversed the trial court. The cause is here by appeal.
The applicable principle in respect of classification has often been announced. It will suffice to quote a paragraph from Louisville Gas & Electric Company v. Coleman, Auditor, 277 U.S. 32, 37, 38, 48 S.Ct. 423, 425, 72 L.Ed. 770:
.
Despite the broad range of the state's discretion, it has a limit which must be maintained if the constitutional safeguard is not to be overthrown. Discriminations are not to be supported by mere fanciful conjecture. Borden's Company v. Baldwin, 293 U.S. 194, 209, 55 S.Ct. 187, 191, 79 L.Ed. 281. They cannot stand as reasonable if they offend the plain standards of common sense. In this instance, the appellant company had been licensed to do business in the state and was entitled to equal protection in conducting that business. The answer of the insurance commissioner admitted that he was 'entirely satisfied as to the character, standing, responsibility, ability, and knowledge' of the proposed agent, and that the license was refused solely because he was a 'salaried' employee. It is plain that the requirement that the resident agents of stock companies should not work on a salary has no relation to economy or efficiency in management. The answer of the insurance commissioner states that all of the contracts of mutual fire and casualty insurance companies are 'negotiated by salaried employees' and that this method of doing busi- ness was adopted 'in order to reduce the expenses of operation and thus benefit the policyholders themselves.'
It is idle to elaborate the differences between mutual and stock companies. These are manifest and admitted. But the statutory discrimination has no reasonable relation to these differences. We can discover no reasonable basis for permitting mutual insurance companies to act through salaried resident employees and exclude stock companies from the same privilege. If there were any such basis, it would have been discovered by the state courts. The trial court said there was none. Two Justices of the Supreme Court were of the same opinion. The prevailing opinion in that court fails to disclose any good reason for the discrimination. The diligence of counsel for appellee has not been more successful. Thus the efforts in the state courts, and here, to find support for the statute have conspicuously failed. Statements as to the extent of the business written by stock companies are obviously beside the mark.
For the error indicated, the questioned judgment must be reversed and the cause returned to the Supreme Court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
Reversed.
The appellants petitioned the superior court of Fulton county, Georgia, for a mandamus directed to the appellee as Insurance Commissioner requiring him to issue a license to Francis, a salaried employe of the Hartford Company, as an insurance agent for the writing of casualty insurance in the State of Georgia pursuant to the Act of the General Assembly of March 28, 1935. The petition alleged that Francis possessed all the statutory qualifications for a license save only that he was a salaried employe of the insurance company and that the pro- vision of the statute excluding salaried employes of insurance companies from licensure is unconstitutional.
Section 1 of the act of 19351 prohibits licensed fire or casualty insurance companies from writing or issuing any policy or indemnity contract on any risk in the State of Georgia except through a resident agent licensed by the Insurance Commissioner. The section requires the applicant for a license to be a bona fide resident of the state, of good character and competent to perform the duties of an agent. It further provides: 'The words 'resident agent' as used in this section are deemed to mean resident agents engaged in the solicitation of such business from the public generally and shall not include any salaried employee of any insurance company doing business in this State; but shall include any agents of mutual insurance companies however compensated.'
The ground upon which the act is...
To continue reading
Request your trial-
Harris v. Trojan Fireworks Co.
...insurance companies to act through salary representatives was held unconstitutional in Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Company v. Harrison (1937) 301 U.S. 459, 57 S.Ct. 838, 81 L.Ed. 1223; a statute regulating motels, but not hotels, with respect to outdoor rate advertising was......
-
Wheeling Steel Corporation v. Glander National Distillers Products Corporation v. Glander
...U.S. 550, 55 S.Ct. 525, 79 L.Ed. 1054; Mayflower Farms v. Ten Eyck, 297 U.S. 266, 56 S.Ct. 457, 80 L.Ed. 675; Hartford Co. v. Harrison, 301 U.S. 459, 57 S.Ct. 838, 81 L.Ed. 1223. 4 In re Ayers, 123 U.S. 443, 8 S.Ct. 164, 31 L.Ed. 216, overruled in part Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wheat.......
-
Morey v. Doud
...Gas & Electric Co. v. Coleman, 277 U.S. 32, 37—38, 48 S.Ct. 423, 425, 72 L.Ed. 770; Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Co. v. Harrison, 301 U.S. 459, 462, 57 S.Ct. 838, 840, 81 L.Ed. 1223. The Act creates a statutory class of sellers of money orders. The money orders sold by one c......
-
Trimble v. Gordon
...recur today. See, e. g., Concordia Ins. Co. v. Illinois, 292 U.S. 535, 54 S.Ct. 830, 78 L.Ed. 1411 (1934); Hartford Co. v. Harrison, 301 U.S. 459, 57 S.Ct. 838, 81 L.Ed. 1223 (1937). Every law enacted, unless it applies to all persons at all times and in all places, inevitably imposes sanct......
-
How Many Times Was Lochner-era Substantive Due Process Effective? - Michael J. Phillips
...(1921) (tax assessment that treats railroads differently from individuals). 55. Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Ins. Co. v. Harrison, 301 U.S. 459, 460-63 (1937) (state law permitting mutual fire insurance companies, but not stock fire insurance companies, to act through their salaried e......