Hedgemon v. United Parcel Service, Inc.
Decision Date | 19 April 2002 |
Citation | 832 So.2d 656 |
Parties | Levert HEDGEMON, Sr. v. UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. |
Court | Alabama Court of Civil Appeals |
Robert W. Lee, Jr., and Nancy H. Ippolito of Lee & Thornton, P.C., Birmingham, for appellant.
John F. Whitaker and Chaya Bail of Sadler Sullivan, P.C., Birmingham, for appellee.
Levert Hedgemon, Sr. ("the employee"), sued his employer, United Parcel Service, Inc. ("the employer"), on September 5, 1997, seeking to recover workers' compensation benefits for a back injury he had suffered during the course of his employment. The employer voluntarily paid permanent-partial-disability benefits based upon a six-percent impairment rating assigned by the employee's treating physician. Subsequently, however, the employer later filed a counterclaim seeking reimbursement of the benefits it had paid, averring that, not long before the counterclaim was filed, the employee had been determined to have suffered no permanent disability. Following an ore tenus proceeding, the trial court entered the following judgment:
The employee appeals.
This case is governed by the Workers' Compensation Act, as amended, § 25-5-1 et seq., Ala.Code 1975 (hereinafter "the Act"). The Act provides that an appellate court's review of the trial court's conclusions as to the appropriate standard of proof and other legal issues shall be without a presumption of correctness. Ala.Code 1975, § 25-5-81(e)(1). It further provides that when an appellate court reviews a trial court's judgment based on its findings of fact, that judgment will not be reversed if the findings of facts are supported by substantial evidence. Ala.Code 1975, § 25-5-81(e)(2). Our Supreme Court "has defined the term `substantial evidence,' ... to mean `evidence of such weight and quality that fair-minded persons in the exercise of impartial judgment can reasonably infer the existence of the fact sought to be proved.'" Ex parte Trinity Indus., Inc., 680 So.2d 262, 268 (Ala.1996) (quoting West v. Founders Life Assurance Co. of Florida, 547 So.2d 870, 871 (Ala.1989)). This court has also concluded: "The new Act did not alter the rule that this court does not weigh the evidence before the trial court." Edwards v. Jesse Stutts, Inc., 655 So.2d 1012, 1014 (Ala.Civ.App.1995).
The employee contends that the trial court erred in determining that he had suffered no permanent disability. He relies upon medical evidence in the record that, he says, would support a determination that he suffered a six-percent permanent impairment.
This court has stated:
Fuller v. BAMSI, Inc., 689 So.2d 128, 131 (Ala.Civ.App.1996) (citations omitted). We note that the resolution of conflicting evidence is within the exclusive province of the trial court, and that we must affirm the judgment of the trial court if it is supported by substantial evidence. Ex parte Trinity Indus., supra. It is the trial court that is in the best position to observe the demeanor and credibility of the employee and other witnesses in a workers' compensation case. Ex parte Alabama Ins. Guar. Ass'n, 667 So.2d 97 (Ala.1995).
A detailed recitation of the facts and evidence in this case is not necessary. Suffice it to say that the trial court's determination that the employee suffered no permanent partial disability as the result of the work-related accident is supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed as to that issue.
The employee also argues that the trial court erred in entering a judgment in favor of the employer on its counterclaim and in requiring him to reimburse the employer $7,279.35 in permanent-partial-disability benefits.
The trial court correctly points out in its judgment that remedies under Alabama's Workers' Compensation Act "generally ... must be determined within the four corners of the Act." The Act provides that workers who are permanently partially disabled are given the right to certain enumerated benefits; however, in this case, the trial court has determined that the employee is not permanently partially disabled.
Our common law embodies various equitable and other remedies by which one party may recover from another monetary payments that the latter may not be entitled to retain. There is nothing in the Act that expressly deprives an employer of any common-law remedies that may otherwise be available for the recovery of monetary payments that, in equity and good conscience, do not belong to an employee. In this regard, Alabama's Act contrasts with Minnesota's workers' compensation laws, upon which the Minnesota decisions cited by the employee in his brief to this court are based. Although our Act was patterned after Minnesota's original workers' compensation act (see, e.g., Ex parte Kimberly-Clark Corp., 779 So.2d 178, 180 (Ala. 2000)
), our Legislature has seen fit not to adopt a provision comparable to Minn.Stat. § 176.179 (2000), which generally disallows reimbursement.1
Conversely, the Alabama Legislature has seen fit to adopt a provision not found in Minnesota's act, i.e., Ala.Code 1975, § 25-5-56, that expressly reflects a policy of encouraging voluntary payments by employers. Section 25-5-56 provides, in pertinent part:
(Emphasis added.)
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...rights and remedies available to the affected parties must be found within the provisions of the Act. See Hedgemon v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 832 So.2d 656 (Ala.Civ.App.2002). Thus, in a workers' compensation action, when a trial court exercises power not explicitly granted by the Act or......
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