Henry Muhs Co. v. Farm Craft Foods

• Decision Date: 31 March 1941
• Docket Number: Civil No. 922.
• Citation: 37 F. Supp. 1013
• Parties: HENRY MUHS CO. v. FARM CRAFT FOODS, Inc., et al.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Eastern District of New York

37 F. Supp. 1013

HENRY MUHS CO. v. FARM CRAFT FOODS, Inc., et al.

Civil No. 922.

District Court, E. D. New York.

March 31, 1941.

Munn, Anderson & Liddy, of New York City (Orson D. Munn, Sylvester J. Liddy, and Daniel H. Kane, all of New York City, of counsel), for plaintiff.

William A. Blank, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for defendants.

GALSTON, District Judge.

The complaint charges infringement of trade-mark and unfair competition.

The plaintiff and its predecessor have been engaged in the business of packing, manufacturing and selling food products, particularly butter and meat products, since 1872. In or about January of 1930 it adopted the trade-mark Farmcraft and applied it to butter and dressed poultry. In 1934 the plaintiff extended the use of the trade-mark to other food products including smoked ham, smoked tongues, sausages, frankfurters, eggs and headcheese; and on March 19, 1935, it secured registration of the trade-mark.

It is alleged that the defendants, with full knowledge of plaintiff's ownership of the trade-mark Farmcraft, competed unfairly with plaintiff and infringed upon its trade-mark rights by the adoption of the term Farmcraft as part of its corporate name, and by using the name Farmcraft and Farm Craft as a trade-mark for food products, particularly cheeses. The complaint alleges that such use results in deception of the purchasing public, which is led into believing that the defendant corporation is associated with the plaintiff and that the food products distributed by the defendant are actually the products of the plaintiff corporation.

Further violation is alleged in that the individual defendants caused to be filed in the office of the County Clerk of Queens County a certificate of doing business under the name and style of Farm Craft Cheese.

On the other hand, the defendants contend that their food products have become known to the public, more particularly in the metropolitan area of New York City. They say that the words Farmcraft and Farm Craft are not subject to trade-mark registration and they claim as good a right as the plaintiff to the use of those terms. They deny that they have committed any wrongful acts of unfair competition or of infringement. Affirmatively they allege that during the month of September, 1935, without any knowledge of the use by the plaintiff of the words Farmcraft or Farm Craft, the individual defendants formed the corporation Farm Craft Foods, Inc.

The evidence establishes that plaintiff carries on its business substantially as alleged in the complaint and sells its products throughout New Jersey and the metropolitan area of New York, and that some of its products are sold as far south as Florida. Its trade-mark Farmcraft, for which it applied for registration on November 26, 1934, recites that the mark was applied to its goods since January 10, 1930. It was first used for dressed poultry and butter. Such foods, as appears from the certificate of registration, are included in Class 46 of the Patent Office and designated "Foods and ingredients of foods". The trade-mark was applied by putting a sticker on the poultry. The name was also stenciled on the shipping container in which the poultry was delivered. On butter a label was applied to the package. The label and sticker have been used continuously since 1930. No other trade-mark was used by the plaintiff on its butter and poultry than Farmcraft. In 1933 plaintiff started to use the term as applied to eggs and has since used it as a trade-mark for eggs. Then the name was applied to a complete line of sausage products and smoked meats, and such labels have been used continuously. The Farmcraft products are sold to institutions such as hospitals, to restaurants, retail dealers, chain stores and to sub-jobbers.

The plaintiff sells a variety of cheese products, but in so doing acts more or less as a jobber. It has been engaged in such jobbing business for about twenty-six years, buying recognized brands such as "Breakstone", "Kraft", "Lion" and "Pale Face", and having nothing to do with either the processing or the labeling.

The business of the plaintiff in Farmcraft products has developed considerably during the period from 1930. Its gross annual sales then were $21,151.66, and by steady increase in 1940 reached the sum of, roughly, $1,000,000. Its figure for all business done, including Farmcraft, in 1940, amounted to $2,578,806.93.

The plaintiff first learned of the use by the defendants of the corporate name, Farm Craft Foods, Inc., during the early part of 1939 and wrote in protest on February 28, 1939, but without avail.

The defendants sought to prove that the adoption of the corporate title was without knowledge of plaintiff's trade-mark; also that they had no knowledge that the plaintiff had been selling cheeses in the metropolitan area.

It is significant that their certificate of doing business as a partnership under the name Farm Craft Cheese was not filed until December 7, 1939, about ten months after the notice of infringement had been served upon them. The reason for this registration was apparently to assert some right to the name, for the business of the co-partnership was exactly the same as that of the defendant corporation, which the individual defendants control. Indeed, to state the matter more accurately, it appears that there was no business at all conducted...