Hickson v. Com.
| Decision Date | 17 September 1999 |
| Docket Number | Record No. 982618. |
| Citation | 520 S.E.2d 643,258 Va. 383 |
| Court | Virginia Supreme Court |
| Parties | Robert Wayne HICKSON, Jr. v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia. |
Dutton Olinger, Blacksburg, for appellant.
Daniel J. Munroe, Assistant Attorney General (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Present: All the Justices.
The defendant, Robert Wayne Hickson, Jr., was convicted of arson in a bench trial in the Circuit Court of Montgomery County.1 In an unpublished opinion, the Court of Appeals found sufficient evidence to support the conviction and affirmed the judgment of the circuit court. We granted the defendant this appeal in which he again challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. Because we conclude that the evidence fails, as a matter of law, to establish that the defendant was the person who committed the arson, we will reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals.
A mobile home in which Charles Michael Eastridge, Judith Eastridge, and Samantha Ray Thompson (the Eastridges) lived was destroyed by fire on August 10, 1995. Their home was located in Elliston, behind a post office, across railroad tracks, and near a river. It was situated approximately one-half mile from Route 460 "[b]y the way a crow flies."
Norman Croy, a Deputy Sheriff Investigator with the Montgomery County Sheriffs Office, investigated the fire. Croy discovered a red gasoline container at the rear of the mobile home approximately six feet from the steps that led up to the porch. Croy testified that the container smelled like gasoline and that a "minute amount" of gasoline remained in the container. He also discovered a "flammable liquid pour pattern" on the wooden back porch steps and detected a gasoline odor in the soil underneath those steps. Thus, Croy concluded that the fire started on those steps as a result of gasoline having been poured on them and ignited.2
According to Croy, when a fire, such as the one in the present case, is first ignited, there is a "flash" accompanied by a "[v]ery audible" "whooshing sound." However, he did not believe that the "whooshing sound" could have been heard from a distance of one-half mile.
The Commonwealth's evidence linking the defendant to the fire was circumstantial. Gary Hall Spence testified that he and the defendant met at a campground in Radford on or about August 10, 1995. Spence stated, "To the best of my recollection I can't swear on the date." While at the campground, Spence heard the defendant say that somebody owed him money.
Spence and the defendant left the campground sometime between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. and went riding around the Elliston area. At an unspecified time during their journey, the pair stopped at a house to look at the defendant's race car. When Spence was asked what they did after seeing the race car, he responded, "[W]e rode down on [Route] 460 I guess it was and stopped on the side of the road." After the defendant got out of the car, Spence "heard the trunk lid open." Spence did not know where the defendant went at that point, but Spence later heard an explosion and saw flames "[o]ff to [his] left hand side." After the defendant got back into the car, he and Spence returned to the campground. Spence testified that the defendant made some kind of reference to a fire.
On cross-examination, Spence admitted that he had a "pretty good buzz on" from the beer he had been drinking earlier that night. He stated,
Michelle Nicole Price, a neighbor of the Eastridges, testified that, while she was walking her dog on the morning of the day that the mobile home burned, she observed a "white" car stop in front of the Eastridges' yard.3 She then heard someone yelling and thought that she also heard rocks being thrown at a sign. Price believed that the individual was a man, but she could neither see what the person was doing nor hear what the individual was yelling. She also thought that there was a second person in the car but could not ascertain whether that individual was a man or a woman.
When, after being convicted of a crime, a defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth and accord the evidence all reasonable inferences fairly deducible from it. Horton v. Commonwealth, 255 Va. 606, 608, 499 S.E.2d 258, 259 (1998). Since the defendant in this case was convicted by a trial court sitting without a jury, the trial court's judgment is entitled to the same weight as a jury verdict and will not be disturbed on appeal unless it is "plainly wrong or without evidence to support it." King v. Commonwealth, 217 Va. 601, 604, 231 S.E.2d 312, 315 (1977); Code § 8.01-680. However, "it is just as obligatory upon the appellate court, to set aside ... the judgment of a court, when it is, in its opinion, contrary to the law and evidence, and therefore plainly wrong, as it is to sustain it when the reverse is true." Bland v. Commonwealth, 177 Va. 819, 821, 13 S.E.2d 317, 317 (1941).
"Arson is a crime of stealth" and "[t]he proof is often necessarily circumstantial." Cook v. Commonwealth, 226 Va. 427, 432, 309 S.E.2d 325, 329 (1983). Circumstantial evidence in a case of arson, as in every criminal case, can support ,a conviction if it sufficiently excludes every reasonable hypothesis of innocence. Id. at 433, 309 S.E.2d at 329.
In a prosecution for arson, the Commonwealth must prove that "the fire was of incendiary origin and that the accused was a guilty agent in the burning." Augustine v. Commonwealth, 226 Va. 120, 123, 306 S.E.2d 886, 888 (1983). The only issue in this appeal is whether the defendant was the "guilty agent." Id
With regard to this issue, the defendant argues that the evidence fails to "`point unerringly'" to him as the person who committed the arson. Id. (quoting Poulos v. Commonwealth, 174 Va. 495, 499, 6 S.E.2d 666, 667 (1940)). He contends that the Commonwealth's evidence, which is entirely circumstantial, does not exclude every reasonable hypothesis of innocence and that the chain of necessary circumstances "of motive, time, place, means, and conduct [do not] concur to form an unbroken chain which links [him] to the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." Bishop v. Commonwealth, 227 Va. 164, 169, 313 S.E.2d 390,...
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