Higgenbottom v. the State.

• Court: Georgia Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: THOMPSON, Justice.
• Citation: Higgenbottom v. the State., 288 Ga. 429, 704 S.E.2d 786 (Ga. 2011)
• Decision Date: 10 January 2011
• Docket Number: No. S10A1571.,S10A1571.
• Parties: HIGGENBOTTOMv.The STATE.

288 Ga. 429

704 S.E.2d 786

11 FCDR 66

HIGGENBOTTOM

v.The STATE.

No. S10A1571.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

Jan. 10, 2011.

David James Dunn, Jr., LaFayette, Steven A. Miller, Summerville, for appellant.Thurbert E. Baker, Attorney General, Alan C. Norton, Assistant District Attorney, Herbert E. Franklin, Jr., District Attorney, Paula K. Smith, Senior Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.THOMPSON, Justice.

Appellant Dale Higgenbottom appeals from a trial court order denying a motion to dismiss his indictment for violation of his constitutional right to speedy trial under the United States and Georgia Constitutions. Because we find the trial court's order is insufficient to allow us to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion, we vacate the judgment and remand for entry of an order including proper findings in accordance with Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972).

Higgenbottom was arrested in August 2007 based on an arrest warrant charging him with malice murder, felony murder, cruelty to children in the first degree, and aggravated battery in connection with the 1992 death of an infant. An indictment was returned in April 2009, and trial was scheduled to begin on September 21, 2009. On September 9, 2009, however, defense counsel requested and was granted a continuance. On February 17, 2010, Higgenbottom then filed a motion to dismiss for failure to provide a speedy trial. Following a hearing, the trial court denied his motion in a four sentence order.

Constitutional speedy trial claims brought under the Sixth Amendment and the Georgia Constitution are evaluated according to the four-part test established in Barker, supra. The Barker test requires the court to consider:

(1) the length of the delay, (2) the reason for the delay, (3) the defendant's assertion of the right [to speedy trial], and (4) the prejudice to the defendant. The fourth factor requires the court to consider three interests: (i) preventing oppressive pretrial incarceration, (ii) minimizing anxiety and concern of the defendant, and (iii) limiting the possibility that the defense will be impaired.

(Citations omitted.) Johnson v. State, 268 Ga. 416, 417, 490 S.E.2d 91 (1997). None of the factors are “either a necessary or sufficient condition to the finding of a deprivation of the right of speedy trial. Rather, they are related factors and must be considered together with such other circumstances as may be relevant. In sum, these factors have no talismanic qualities; courts must still engage in a difficult and sensitive balancing process.” Barker, supra at 533, 92 S.Ct. 2182

On appeal, we review the denial of a defendant's constitutional speedy trial claim for an abuse of discretion. Brown v. State, 264 Ga. 803(2), 450 S.E.2d 821 (1994). It is imperative, therefore, that in cases implicating a defendant's constitutional right to speedy trial, the trial court enter findings of fact and conclusions of law consistent with Barker. Absent such findings, there is no exercise of discretion for this Court to review. See Phan v. State, 287 Ga. 697, 700 n. 1, 699 S.E.2d 9 (2010); Bryant v. State, 265 Ga.App. 234, 235, 593 S.E.2d 705 (2004). The trial court in this case made no findings as to the majority of the Barker factors, finding with regard to Higgenbottom's Sixth Amendment claim only...