HILLCREST MANOR v. Underwood

• Decision Date: 06 March 2001
• Docket Number: Record No. 1027-00-4.
• Citation: HILLCREST MANOR v. Underwood, 542 S.E.2d 785, 35 Va. App. 31 (Va. App. 2001)
• Parties: HILLCREST MANOR NURSING HOME and Zenith Insurance Company v. Rosa Marie UNDERWOOD.
• Court: Virginia Court of Appeals

542 S.E.2d 785

35 Va. App. 31

HILLCREST MANOR NURSING HOME and Zenith Insurance Company v.Rosa Marie UNDERWOOD.

Record No. 1027-00-4.

Court of Appeals of Virginia, Alexandria.

March 6, 2001,

Ralph L. Whitt Jr.(John R. Cornett, Jr., Richmond; Michael P. Del Bueno, Glen Allen; Williams, Lynch & Whitt, on briefs), for appellants.

Nate L. Adams, III(Adams & Kellas, P.C., on brief), Winchester, for appellee.

Present: WILLIS, BRAY and CLEMENTS, JJ.

JBRAY, Judge.

Hillcrest Manor Nursing Home (Hillcrest) and its insurer, Zenith Insurance Company(collectively employer), appeal an award of disability benefits by the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission(commission) to Rosa Marie Underwood(claimant).Employer complains the commission erroneously found claimant partially cured an unjustified refusal of selective employment.In a cross-appeal, claimant contends the commission incorrectly concluded employer made a valid offer of such employment, which she unreasonably refused and employer did not withdraw.Finding no error, we affirm the decision.

I.

In accordance with well established principles, we consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below.States Roofing Corp. v. Bush,15 Va.App. 613, 616, 426 S.E.2d 124, 126(1993).

"Factual findings of the commission that are supported by credible evidence are conclusive and binding upon this Court on appeal."Southern Iron Works, Inc. v. Wallace,16 Va.App. 131, 134, 428 S.E.2d 32, 34(1993)."If there is evidence, or reasonable inferences can be drawn from the evidence, to support the Commission's findings, they will not be disturbed on review, even though there is evidence in the record to support a contrary finding."Morris v. Badger Powhatan/Figgie Inc.,3 Va.App. 276, 279, 348 S.E.2d 876, 877(1986).

Hoy Construction, Inc. v. Flenner,32 Va. App. 357, 361, 528 S.E.2d 148, 150(2000).

While employed by Hillcrest as a "certified nursing assistant,"claimant suffered a compensable injury on August 30, 1997.At the time of the incident, claimant was working for employer "about thirty-two hours" weekly, lifting, dressing, bathing, feeding and otherwise caring for patients at Hillcrest, while similarly employed, "full-time," elsewhere.Dr. William J. Bender treated claimant the day of the injury and the released her for return to work, subject to restrictions on "Lifting" and "Bending, Squatting/Twisting."During the ensuing months, claimant was treated by several physicians in practice with Dr. Bender and each prescribed limitations upon her employment and other activities.As a result of such restrictions, claimant's full-time employment was "no longer available" and Hillcrest offered, and she accepted, part-time, light duty work at substantially reduced hours.

On November 21, 1997, Doris M. Traylor, administrator of Hillcrest, offered claimant a "full-time" light duty position at Hillcrest, "meaning [a return to] thirty-two hours per week" at Hillcrest, performing "the exact same job description [claimant] was [then] working under" part-time.However, citing "personal reasons,"claimant declined,¹ explaining at the hearing that the expanded employment would have required her to "be out after dark" and interfered with medical care² and the transport of her "boyfriend back and forth to work."Claimant further testified that full-time employment exceeded her limitations,³ a circumstance admittedly unsupported by "healthcare professional[s]" and not a consideration in her decision.Thereafter, claimant continued to regularly work part-time, light duty at Hillcrest from 11:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. two days each week, despite her stated preference for the 7:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. shift.

By letter dated December 20, 1997, claimant again protested any attempt by Hillcrest to assign a "full schedule ... without [her] permission."She acknowledged "thought[s] about working more time" but had "reasons why" deciding against it.Nevertheless, claimant volunteered to "work some Monday [sic]" and promised to "let [Traylor] know if [she] ever want[ed] to do extra time."Claimant concluded the note declaring, "I want my schedule back," apparently referencing the preferred shift.Claimant confirmed the contents of the letter during a meeting with Ms. Traylor on December 26, 1997, and Hillcrest restored the part-time schedule pursuant to her request, without further mention of the full-time, light duty employment offer.Claimant filed for benefits with the commission on May 14, 1998, and Deputy Commissioner Culbreth conducted a hearing on October 20, 1998.In an amended opinion, dated June 4, 1999, the deputy awarded claimant temporary partial disability benefits for the period September 1, 1997 through November 21, 1997.However, the deputy suspended benefits beginning November 21, 1997, ruling claimant"cannot be awarded benefits based on her choice, for non-medical reasons, to reject hours which would be within her restrictions, and would put her at or above her pre-injury average weekly wage."

On appeal by claimant, the full commission affirmed the deputy's finding of unjustified refusal of selective employment on November 21, 1997.However, the commission reversed the suspension of benefits, reasoning that claimant, by accepting light duty, parttime employment with Hillcrest, partially cured such refusal, entitling her to "temporary partial disability benefits" based on the difference between her pre-injury average weekly wage and the wage she would have earned had she accepted the full-time hours.Both employer and claimant appeal.

II.

"If an injured employee unjustifiably refuses selective employment offered by the employer, he or she is `no longer entitled to receive disability compensation during the continuance of the refusal.'"ARA Services v. Swift,22 Va.App. 202, 206, 468 S.E.2d 682, 684(1996)(citingVirginia Wayside Furn., Inc. v. Burnette,17 Va.App. 74, 78, 435 S.E.2d 156, 159(1993);Code§ 65.2-510(A)).However, "once an employee has cured an unjustified refusal of selective employment, he or she is entitled to reinstatement of benefits."Food Lion, Inc. v. Newsome,30 Va.App. 21, 25, 515 S.E.2d 317, 319(1999);seeCode§ 65.2-510(B).If the injured employee cures "by accepting employment .... at a wage less than that originally offered, the employer shall pay or cause to be paid" weekly compensation to the partially incapacitated employee "equal to 66 ½ percent of the difference between his average weekly wages before ... injury and the average weekly wage the employee would have earned by accepting the original proffered light duty employment."Code§ 65.2-510(B).

"Code§ 65.2-510 was enacted ... to encourage employers to procure employment suitable to partially incapacitated employees."Food Lion, Inc. v. Lee,16 Va.App. 616, 619, 431 S.E.2d 342, 344(1993).An employer seeking to terminate compensation benefits pursuant to the statute must establish "(1) a bona fide job offer suitable to the employee's capacity; (2) procured for the employee by the employer; and (3) an unjustified refusal by the employee to accept the job."Ellerson v. W.O. Grubb Steel Erection Co.,1 Va.App. 97, 98, 335 S.E.2d 379, 380(1985).To constitute a bona fide offer, the selective employment contemplated by Code§ 65.2-510 must be upon terms and conditions sufficiently specific to permit informed consideration by an employee, id. at 101-02, 335 S.E.2d at 382, and comprised of duties consistent with employee's remaining work capacity.American Furniture Co. v. Doane,230 Va. 39, 42, 334 S.E.2d 548, 550(1985).

Upon a showing by employer of a bona fide offer of selective employment, "the employee bears the burden of establishing justification for refusing such employment."Food Lion, Inc.,16 Va.App. at 619, 431 S.E.2d at 344."To support a finding of justification to refuse suitable selective employment, the reasons advanced must be such that a reasonable person desirous of employment would have refused the offered work.'"Id.(citation omitted).

Here, claimant first complains that employer's evidence did not prove a bona fide offer.Her argument, however, is belied by the record.At...