Hollin v. Libby, McNeill and Libby

• Decision Date: 02 April 1969
• Parties: Donna L. HOLLIN and Mayo M. Hollin, wife and husband, Appellants, v. LIBBY, McNEILL & LIBBY, a corporation, Respondent.
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Page 555

452 P.2d 555

253 Or. 8

Donna L. HOLLIN and Mayo M. Hollin, wife and husband, Appellants, v. LIBBY, McNEILL & LIBBY, a corporation, Respondent.

Supreme Court of Oregon, Department 1.

Argued and Submitted March 5, 1969.

Decided April 2, 1969.

J. Wallace Gutzler, Woodburn, argued the cause for appellants. On the briefs were Gutzler & Davis, Woodburn.

Asa L. Lewelling, Salem, argued the cause and filed the brief for respondent.

Before PERRY, C.J., and McALLISTER, O'CONNELL, DENECKE, and LANGTRY, JJ.

LANGTRY, Justice (Pro Tempore).

This is an appeal from an order dismissing plaintiffs' complaint after defendant's demurrer to the same was sustained on the ground that the complaint was not filed within the time allowed by law.

The complaint alleged that the parties entered into an agreement whereby plaintiffs were to raise strawberries on leased land and sell them to defendant in consideration of defendant's advancing land rental and expenses of planting, cultivating, and harvesting, with repayment and adjustments from the proceeds of sale. It asserted that about June 1, 1961, which was soon after the planting had been completed, weeds infested the fields, necessitating expenditure of money for eradication, which money plaintiffs requested of defendant, and that:

'* * * (N)otwithstanding defendant's previous agreement to advance sums of money for said purpose and notwithstanding the fact that defendant knew and was advised of plaintiffs' inability to continue with performance of the contract without defendant's financial support, defendant wrongfully failed, neglected and refused to advance the additional sums of money needed, all in violation of defendant's contract with plaintiffs; that, notwithstanding repeated requests and notices by plaintiffs, defendant continued to fail to advance the requested sums of money.

'VIII

'That, by reason of defendant's failure to provide the requested sums of money for expenses, plaintiffs were unable to, and, by actions and by wrongful failure to act by defendant, were effectively prevented from completing their contract with defendant; that on or about July 1, 1961, defendant wrongfully ousted plaintiffs from possession of the leased premises, took over and assumed control of the strawberry growing operation thereon and employed others to cultivate, care for and harvest the crop, thereby giving no opportunity to plaintiffs to protect their interest in the crop and depriving plaintiffs of their interest in the field and its potential.'

The foregoing quoted language constitutes the substance of the cause of action against which the demurrer was sustained. The demurrer was based upon two grounds: (1) the complaint failed to state a cause of action; (2) the action was not timely commenced. The trial court's ruling was upon the latter ground.

Defendant contends the complaint seeks to state an action in tort, for the wrongful 'ouster,' and is controlled by the two-year statute of limitations. ORS 12.110(1). Defendant says that if its contention is wrongas to the two-year limitation, then the six-year limitation of ORS 12.080(1) for an action upon a contract is applicable. This statute would bar the action because the complaint alleges a breach on or about June 1, 1961; whereas, the action was commenced June 30, 1967. The plaintiff's principal contention in briefs is that the plaintiffs' action is not for a tort, but is for a breach of contract. Plaintiffs' argument and precedents cited in its support make it appear that plaintiffs also rely on injury to personal property or trespass, which are also covered by the six-year limitation. ORS 12.080(3), (4).

We think defendant's contention with reference to the two-year limitation is untenable. A fair appraisal of the language quoted from the complaint leaves a clear conclusion: that plaintiffs were alleging a contract which defendant breached by particular conduct. The allegation of wrongful ouster in Paragraph VIII of the complaint alleges breach of contract, and did not change the action to one for tort. If plaintiffs were alleging a cause of action for breach of contract and another for tort arising out of the performance of the contract, they should have been separately stated. ORS 16.220. The gravamen of the complaint was breach of contract.

By the same token, if plaintiffs were going to rely upon trespass or injury to personal property growing out of the alleged ouster on July 1, 1961, they should not have mixed the allegations about them with a cause of action based upon breach of contract. Brown v. Jones et al., 130 Or. 424, 278 P. 981 (1929), cited by plaintiffs, holds that a tenant upon real property may maintain an action for trespass upon the real property and injury to growing crops thereon which are treated as the tenant's personalty. The six-year limitation applies in such a case. But the holding in that case does not help plaintiffs in the case at bar, for there the plaintiff was a tenant bringing action against a third party trespasser. There was no allegation about a contract in that case, and no contractual relationship between the parties. Other cases plaintiffs have cited in support of their position as to trespass or injury to personalty are similarly not in point.

Plaintiffs, having elected to proceed upon an alleged breach of contract, must have properly alleged a breach which occurred within six years of the time the action was commenced or fail....