Horton v. Chamberlain, 86-539

• Decision Date: 07 April 1989
• Docket Number: No. 86-539,86-539
• Parties: Viola HORTON v. D. Michael CHAMBERLAIN.
• Court: Vermont Supreme Court

Page 953

566 A.2d 953

152 Vt. 351

Viola HORTON v. D. Michael CHAMBERLAIN.

No. 86-539.

Supreme Court of Vermont.

April 7, 1989.

Motion for Reargument Denied Aug. 24, 1989.

Thomas P. Salmon and Richard H. Coutant of Salmon & Nostrand, Bellows Falls, for plaintiff-appellant.

Allan R. Keyes of Ryan Smith & Carbine, Ltd., Rutland, for defendant-appellee.

Before ALLEN, C.J., PECK and DOOLEY, JJ., and BARNEY, C.J. (Ret.) and SPRINGER, District Judge (Ret.), Specially Assigned.

ALLEN, Chief Justice.

Plaintiff instituted this action against defendant sheriff seeking damages for an alleged false imprisonment, assault and battery, and violation of the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment on the false imprisonment claim and the trial court, after a hearing, granted defendant's motion and denied plaintiff's motion. The trial court granted plaintiff permission to appeal. The controlling question which she seeks to have determined is whether the invalidity of the mittimus under which she was arrested was so apparent as to render the defendant liable. We hold that it was not.

Plaintiff was found in contempt in a related suit initiated by an insurance company to recover premiums claimed to be due from plaintiff's husband and two corporate defendants, of which plaintiff was vice president. The defendants, in that action, failed to answer the complaint, and a default judgement was entered against them. Following their default, the insurance company propounded post judgement interrogatories against the defendants, which they also failed to answer. The trial court then granted a motion to compel answers and, following a further failure by any of the defendants to respond to this order, the court granted a motion for sanctions.

The defendants were ordered to appear and show cause why they should not be adjudged in contempt and punished therefor. After failing to appear for the scheduled show-cause hearing, the court adjudged plaintiff, in her capacity as vice president of the two corporate defendants, to be in contempt "because of her failure to appear as directed" and further ordered that a mittimus issue for her incarceration unless she answered the interrogatories within fifteen days. The order and mittimus were served upon the plaintiff, and she was subsequently incarcerated for failure to provide answers. This action resulted. It is undisputed that plaintiff was not a party to the litigation initiated by the insurance company and was never served with the order allegedly violated.

On appeal plaintiff contends that the mittimus was void on its face and that defendant is liable for false imprisonment as a matter of law. We disagree. Sheriffs are required to receive, execute and return all writs and precepts issued to them from lawful authority. 12 V.S.A. § 696. If the process conforms in kind to that which the court has jurisdiction to issue, the officer's liability depends on whether there is a defect discoverable by an examination of the process itself. See Williams v. Franzoni, 217 F.2d 533, 534 (2d Cir.1954). His inquiry as to the validity of the process is limited to an examination of the instrument itself. Fleming v. McEnany, 491 F.2d 1353, 1357 (2d Cir.1974). Process which is not "absolutely void on its face" provides sufficient justification for the officer who serves it. Id. If there is a defect apparent on its face which renders the process void, the officer is liable for an arrest made pursuant to such process. See Hazen v. Creller, 83 Vt. 460, 462, 76 A. 145, 146 (1910).

The plaintiff here argues that the process was void on its face because she was not named in the caption of the order or mittimus as...