Hovland v. Farmers State Bank

• Decision Date: 02 January 1926
• Docket Number: No. 270.,270.
• Citation: 10 F.2d 478
• Parties: HOVLAND v. FARMERS' STATE BANK OF CHRISTINE, N. D., et al.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

10 F.2d 478 (1926)

HOVLAND v. FARMERS' STATE BANK OF CHRISTINE, N. D., et al.

No. 270.

Circuit Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

January 2, 1926.

L. H. Joss, John N. Ohman, R. H. Fryberger, and W. G. Parker, all of Minneapolis, Minn., for petitioner.

Charles Burke Elliott, Nicholas Doll, and N. M. Coursolle, all of Minneapolis, Minn., for respondents.

Before STONE and VAN VALKENBURGH, Circuit Judges, and PHILLIPS, District Judge.

PHILLIPS, District Judge.

On June 23, 1923, the respondents filed an involuntary petition in bankruptcy against the petitioner. The allegations of that petition material to this inquiry are:

"That A. M. Hovland, of Minneapolis, Minn., has for the greater portion of six months next preceding the date of filing this petition had his principal place of business and resided and had his domicile at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin, and state and district aforesaid. * * *

"And your petitioners further represent that said A. M. Hovland is insolvent, and that, within four months next preceding the date of this petition, the said A. M. Hovland committed an act of bankruptcy, in that he did heretofore, to wit, on the 24th day of February, 1923, and on various dates subsequent thereto, convey, transfer and conceal his property, or a large part thereof, with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud certain of his creditors, and more particularly these petitioners, and has transferred while insolvent a large portion of his property to one of his creditors, with intent to prefer said creditor over his other creditors."

On December 3, 1923, the respondents, with leave of court first had and obtained, filed an amended petition, in which they alleged as acts of bankruptcy the following:

"That within four (4) months next preceding the filing of this petition, namely, on or about the 24th day of February, 1923, the said A. M. Hovland, while insolvent, committed an act of bankruptcy, in that he did deliver certain property and securities to the Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank of Minneapolis, Minn., of which he had formerly been president, and to which he then was indebted, for the purpose of preferring said bank over his other creditors, and that on or about the 27th day of February, 1923, to more effectively carry out the purpose of the said preference, to the Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank, did transfer, convey, and deliver to one Louis H. Joss, as attorney, agent, and representative of the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank, certain bonds, mortgages, and securities, belonging to the said Hovland, the exact description of which is to these petitioners unknown, and which constituted all of the property then owned by the said Hovland in his own name, and did on the said date execute and deliver to the said Joss, as attorney, agent, and representative of the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank, a power of attorney transferring and delivering all of his property of every character and nature to the said Joss, with full power to dispose of the same in any manner seen fit by the said Joss, without reference to the said Hovland, and that the said Joss did, in pursuance of said power of attorney and authorization, secrete from all creditors of the said Hovland, except the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank, the nature, character, and whereabouts of said Hovland's property, and ever since has continued to, and now does, so secrete said property from all the creditors of the said Hovland, except the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank of Minneapolis, and subsequent to and in pursuance of the authority so given him conveyed certain concealed interests in real estate owned by the said Hovland, although not held in his name, to a certain corporation organized by the said Joss and certain of the directors of the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank for the purpose of preferring said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank over the other creditors of the said Hovland, the exact name of which said corporation, and the exact nature of the said property so conveyed to it, are to the petitioners unknown. That the said conveyance rendered it impossible for these petitioners, or any of the creditors of the said Hovland, except the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank, to recover from said Hovland upon their claims. That said conveyance to the Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank first above mentioned, and the execution of the said power of attorney to the said Joss, and the said secret delivery of securities to him, and the said transfers by said Joss of concealed interests of the said Hovland, were all parts and parcels of a single plan and act, and steps in a single scheme and transaction having for their object and purpose a preference to, and which did prefer, the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank over all other creditors of the said Hovland, including petitioners. That the said act or acts of transferring and conveying said concealed interests, and of transferring and conveying and delivering to the said Joss of the securities above mentioned, were done and performed with the intent by the said Hovland to hinder, delay, and defraud all of his creditors, except the said Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank."

To the amended petition the petitioner here interposed a plea in abatement, in which he alleged that for the greater portion of the period of six months next preceding the filing of the petition, and for the greater portion of the period of six months next preceding the filing of the amended petition, he did not reside, have his principal place of business, or have his domicile at Minneapolis, in the district of Minnesota, and a plea in bar in which he set up that the original petition alleged no acts of bankruptcy, that the amended petition did not relate back to the date of the filing of the original petition, and that the acts of bankruptcy alleged in the amended petition occurred more than four months prior to the filing thereof.

The matter was thereupon referred to the referee in bankruptcy, to take the evidence upon the issues raised by these pleas. The evidence was taken before the referee and reported to the District Court in writing. Thereafter the District Court entered its order overruling both pleas. The petition here seeks to revise that order.

The testimony adduced before the referee shows that the alleged bankrupt, the petitioner here, for a period of 19 years immediately prior to March 10, 1923, resided and had his domicile in the city of Minneapolis, Minn.; that for many years he was president of the Merchants' & Manufacturers' State Bank; that in the month of February, 1923, he resigned from that office, left Minneapolis, and went to North Dakota; that on March 10, 1923, his wife, Oline Hovland, joined him at Williston, N. D.; that petitioner was then ill, and his physician advised him to go to California; that petitioner, accompanied by his wife, left Williston on March 10, 1923, with the intention of establishing a home somewhere in Southern California; that they arrived at San Diego March 22, 1923; that from then until September 18, 1923, they resided at various places in Southern California; and that on September 18, 1923, the testimony of the petitioner in this matter was taken by deposition at Los Angeles. Upon the point as to whether or not he had established a residence at any particular point in Southern California, he testified:

"Q. What was done with your furniture when you left? A. Some of it was left there, and was a little later taken and stored, and our daughter in Minneapolis took care of some of it.

"Q. Were there any reasons why you didn't bring it with you to California? A. Well, we didn't know just exactly what part of Southern California we would settle in, and we didn't figure it was worth while to move all that old furniture that we had. We had been trying to sell it off, more or less, what we could, but we didn't figure it would pay to ship it. * * *

"Q. Has it been your intention since you left Minneapolis to establish your residence at any one given point in Southern California or elsewhere? A. Well, of course, I wasn't acquainted enough in Southern California to know just exactly where I would want to live in Southern California.

"Q. Don't know yet? A. Do you mean the house?

"Q. The particular district, at least. A. No; it is hard to judge.

"Q. So as a matter of fact you have not established your residence anywhere in Southern California, have you? A. I have established it in Southern California, but not the exact place that I intend to live in."

Undoubtedly up to March 10, 1923, the domicile of the petitioner was at Minneapolis. That remained his domicile until he acquired a new one elsewhere. While the proof shows that he had determined to acquire a new domicile in California, he had not chosen, when either petition was filed, a definite place in Southern California, as such new domicile. Until such choice was made, his domicile remained in Minneapolis. Cooper et al. v. Beers et al., 143 Ill. 25, 33 N. E. 61, and note, 40 L. R. A. (N. S.) 986; 9 R. C. L. § 18, p. 553.

The finding of the trial court that petitioner had his domicile at Minneapolis at the times the petition and amended petition were filed, not only is supported by substantial evidence, but it appears conclusively that no other correct finding could have been made. The plea in abatement was therefore properly overruled.

The plea in bar presents this question: Can a petition which alleges, under subdivision a (1) and (2) of section 3 of the Bankruptcy Act (Comp. St. § 9587), acts of bankruptcy in the general language of the statute, be amended by alleging specific acts of bankruptcy under those subdivisions, committed more than four months prior to the filing of the amended petition? The trial court answered the question in the affirmative.

The rule which governs the reciprocal effect of the doctrine of...