Hunt v. Hopkins

• Decision Date: 15 March 2001
• Docket Number: PETITIONER-APPELLEE,No. 00-2697,RESPONDENT-APPELLANT,00-2697
• Citation: 266 F.3d 934
• Parties: (8th Cir. 2001) ROBERT E. HUNT, JR.,, v. FRANK X. HOPKINS, WARDEN OF THE NEBRASKA STATE PENITENTIARY, Submitted:
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 934

266 F.3d 934 (8th Cir. 2001)

ROBERT E. HUNT, JR., PETITIONER-APPELLEE, v. FRANK X. HOPKINS, WARDEN OF THE NEBRASKA STATE PENITENTIARY, RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.

No. 00-2697

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

Submitted: March 15, 2001

Filed: September 26, 2001

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska

Before Bye, John R. Gibson, Circuit Judges, and Frank,¹ District Judge.

Bye, Circuit Judge.

Frank X. Hopkins (hereinafter the Warden) appeals a district court² order that allowed Robert E. Hunt, Jr., to dismiss his second amended petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The Warden appeals that part of the order granting Hunt leave to file a third amended petition -- that will relate back to the date of his second amended petition -- after he exhausts state remedies on certain claims included in his first amended petition. We dismiss the appeal for lack of a final, appealable order that would allow us to exercise jurisdiction.

BACKGROUND

In 1984, a Nebraska jury found Hunt guilty of first-degree murder for strangling and sexually assaulting Beverly Ramspott. A panel of three judges, see Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-2520, sentenced Hunt to death. In 1985, the Supreme Court of Nebraska affirmed Hunt's conviction, but vacated the death sentence. See State v. Hunt, 371 N.W.2d 708 (Neb. 1985), overruled in part by State v. Palmer, 399 N.W.2d 706 (Neb. 1986). Hunt was later resentenced to life in prison.

Hunt sought post-conviction relief in state court, raising an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim based on concessions and derogatory comments his attorney made during closing argument. The Supreme Court of Nebraska affirmed the denial of post-conviction relief on June 26, 1998. See State v. Hunt, 580 N.W.2d 110 (Neb. 1998).

In August 1998, Hunt filed a pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. In November 1998, still acting pro se, he filed a first amended petition. Hunt made several claims that he had not raised in his state post-conviction proceedings.³ Because Hunt's petition was "mixed" under Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509 (1982), the district court appointed counsel to assist Hunt in deciding whether to (a) dismiss the petition and exhaust state remedies, or (b) file a second amended petition excluding the unexhausted claims so he could proceed with his exhausted claims.

Hunt initially elected to proceed with his exhausted claims, and filed a second amended petition excluding the unexhausted claims. He also filed a motion to have the second amended petition held in abeyance while he exhausted state remedies. He argued that our decision in Victor v. Hopkins, 90 F.3d 276 (8th Cir. 1996), which held that a district court lacks authority to hold a mixed petition in abeyance while a petitioner exhausts state remedies, did not apply to the second amended petition because it was no longer "mixed." The district court found Hunt's argument persuasive based on the reasoning of Calderon v. United States Dist. Court, which addressed similar circumstances and held that a district court may, but is not required to, stay a fully-exhausted petition. See 134 F.3d 981, 987-88 (9th Cir. 1998). The district court elected not to hold Hunt's second amended petition in abeyance, however, holding that his interests could be protected with actions less drastic than issuing a stay. (For example, Hunt could proceed with his exhausted claims, then seek to add the unexhausted claims when his state court proceedings finished; or Hunt could seek a stay at a later time if it appeared the state proceeding would not be complete before the district court reached a decision on the merits of his exhausted claims.)

After the district court declined to issue a stay, Hunt changed course. He filed a motion to have his second amended petition dismissed without prejudice, noting his intention to refile all claims after exhausting state remedies. Hunt also requested that the filing of his third amended petition be allowed to relate back under Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(c) to his timely-filed petition, to avoid a statute of limitations problem. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d) (providing for a one-year statute of limitations).

After noting that Hunt's unexhausted claims may have merit, the district court decided to grant Hunt's motion. The district court dismissed the second amended petition, while at the same time granting Hunt leave to file a third amended petition. The district court indicated that the "second amended petition is dismissed, without prejudice to filing a third amended petition which will relate back to the date of the second amended petition in order to avoid a potential statute of limitations problem." Finally, the district court indicated that "[t]his case shall be closed for statistical purposes until such time as Petitioner files his third amended petition."

DISCUSSION

The Warden contends that the district court erred in granting Hunt leave to file a third amended petition. First, the Warden argues that the district court's order thwarts the goals Congress sought to accomplish by enacting a one-year statute of limitations for federal habeas petitions in the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA). Second, the Warden argues that the district court lacked the authority to grant prospective relation-back relief for a third amended petition, because there was no action to which a third amended petition could relate back once the second amended petition was dismissed.

Hunt responds that the Warden lacks standing to bring this appeal. Hunt contends that, at this juncture, the relief granted by the district court has not caused the Warden a concrete and particularized injury-in-fact, but instead merely presents a conjectural and speculative potential for injury should Hunt ever file a third amended petition. Hunt relies primarily upon a Third Circuit decision which dismissed, for lack of standing, an appeal brought by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania that challenged the type of prospective relief granted here. See Morris v. Horn, 187 F.3d 333, 338-39 (3rd Cir. 1999) (discussing its earlier unpublished order that dismissed the Commonwealth's appeal for lack of standing). Should we disagree and determine that the Warden has standing, Hunt urges us to hold that the district court had authority to grant prospective relation-back relief, because he argues it is one of the few ways that the choices available under Rose v. Lundy can be preserved in light of AEDPA's new...