Hunt v. Hunt, 8610DC1066

• Decision Date: 05 May 1987
• Docket Number: No. 8610DC1066,8610DC1066
• Citation: 355 S.E.2d 519,85 N.C.App. 484
• Parties: Ellen Teague HUNT v. Keith Haywood HUNT.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 519

355 S.E.2d 519

85 N.C.App. 484

Ellen Teague HUNT v. Keith Haywood HUNT.

No. 8610DC1066.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

May 5, 1987.

Gerald L. Bass, Raleigh, for plaintiff-appellee.

Norman M. York, Jr., Raleigh, for defendant-appellant.

ARNOLD, Judge.

Defendant attacks various portions of the equitable distribution judgment. His exceptions relating to the unequal division of the proceeds from the sale of the marital home have merit and demand that we vacate the distributive award as ordered and remand the case for further proceedings.

Defendant contends that the trial court erred in holding that the checks from plaintiff's grandmother listing him as payee were gifts to plaintiff and not defendant. Essential to the resolution of this issue is the determination of defendant's argument that the trial court erred "by allowing Edward Teague [plaintiff's father] to testify as to what his dead mother's gift intentions were." Defendant's contention is that this testimony was hearsay and should not have been allowed due to G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 801 and Rule 802. This argument is unfounded.

Defendant is incorrect in stating that this evidence was hearsay. " 'Hearsay' is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted." G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 801(c) (emphasis added). G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 801(a) defines a statement as "... (1) an oral or written assertion or (2) nonverbal conduct of a person, if it is intended by him as an assertion."

The testimony in question contained no such "statement" qualifying as hearsay. It is possible that Edward Teague's testimony might have been based on hearsay, but there is no way of knowing the basis of his testimony from the record. Defendant should have objected at trial as to the foundation for Mr. Teague's knowledge concerning his mother's purpose or intention but he did not. While this testimony as presented may have been objectionable on other grounds, it was not hearsay.

Defendant also argues that G.S. § 8-51 prevents both plaintiff and her father from testifying about the donor's intent because these parties have an interest in the outcome. This statute was repealed effective 1 July 1984 and replaced by G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 601(c). 1983 N.C. Session Laws Ch. 1037.

Rule 601(c) is a compromise between the traditional "Dead Man's Act" and complete abolition. In order for this rule to apply, four requirements must be met: 1) the witness must be a party or person interested in the event, or a person from, through or under whom such party or interested person derives his interest or title, 2) the witness must testify in his own behalf and against the representative of the deceased, 3) the testimony must relate to an oral communication between the witness and the deceased and 4) the case must fall within the four exceptions listed in the rule. G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 601(c).

In the case sub judice, the requirements are not satisfied. Neither plaintiff nor her father are testifying against the interest of Ethel W. Teague. Defendant's contention is without merit.

Having determined that the evidence concerning intent was not improperly admitted under Rule 601(c), we turn to defendant's contention that the trial court erred by holding that the checks written to defendant were gifts to plaintiff only.

It is well established that findings of fact made by the trial court in a non-jury trial have the force and effect of a jury verdict and are conclusive on appeal if there is evidence to support them. Henderson County v. Osteen, 297 N.C. 113, 254 S.E.2d 160 (1979). The evidence concerning Ethel Teague's intent adequately supports the finding that the checks written to defendant were gifts to plaintiff only.

Defendant next contends that the trial court erred by holding that the checks written to plaintiff and the checks written to defendant remained plaintiff's separate property because plaintiff did not rebut the presumption that money placed into entireties property is a gift to the marital estate. We agree.

When a spouse furnishes consideration from separate property and causes property to be conveyed to the other spouse in the form of tenancy by the entireties, a presumption of a gift to the marital estate arises which is rebuttable only by clear, cogent and convincing evidence. McLeod v. McLeod, 74 N.C.App. 144, 327 S.E.2d 910, cert. denied, 314 N.C. 331, 333 S.E.2d 488 (1985). This rule is consonant with the presumption that gifts between spouses are marital property, the definition of separate property in G.S. § 50-20(b)(2), and the common law rule stated in Mims v. Mims, 305 N.C. 41, 286 S.E.2d 779 (1982). Id. It is also consistent with the partnership concept that is the foundation of the Equitable Distribution Act. Id; see Sharp, The Partnership Ideal: The Development of Equitable Distribution in North Carolina, 65 N.C.L.Rev. 195 (1987).

While there is evidence that Ethel Teague intended the checks written to plaintiff and the checks written to defendant only as a gift to plaintiff, the record is void of any evidence concerning plaintiff's intent when placing those checks into property titled in the entireties. Plaintiff, therefore, did not rebut the McLeod presumption by clear, cogent and convincing evidence. The trial court erred by finding that plaintiff did not intend to make a gift to the marital estate.

Defendant also contends correctly that the trial court committed reversible error in determining that plaintiff contributed separate property in the amount of $39,918.80 for the purchase of the family home because there is no finding of fact to support this figure.

Based on the figures that the trial court found were contributed by plaintiff to the down payment of the house, the trial court should have arrived at a total contribution of separate property by plaintiff in the amount of $38,368.88. Having determined above, however, that plaintiff did not overcome the presumption that she did not intend a gift to the marital estate when she placed this money into property titled in the entireties, this figure is no longer of great importance.

The fact that plaintiff contributed a substantial amount more than did defendant to the down payment has possible relevance only under G.S. § 50-20(c)(12) which provides that a court shall consider "[a]ny other factor which the court finds to be just and proper." Upon remand the trial court shall reconsider its holding that an equal distribution of marital property is equitable. In doing so, the trial court may consider the individual contributions of separate property if it views these contributions as an appropriate factor under G.S. § 50-20(c)(12).

This Court is in no way suggesting that an equal distribution would not be equitable. We are, however, in light of our holding that plaintiff's separate property became marital when placed in the entireties, merely permitting the trial court to reevaluate its position as to whether an equal division would be proper. The trial court may find it appropriate to consider the manner in which the marital property was acquired. We note that this factor is specifically listed in the...