Hyatt v. Vincennes Nat Bank

• Decision Date: 02 March 1885
• Citation: Hyatt v. Vincennes Nat Bank, 113 U.S. 408, 5 S.Ct. 573, 28 L.Ed. 1009 (1885)
• Parties: HYATT and others, Partners, etc., v. VINCENNES NAT. BANK and others
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

113 U.S. 408

5 S.Ct. 573

28 L.Ed. 1009

HYATT and others, Partners, etc., v. VINCENNES NAT. BANK and others.

March 2, 1885.

The Vincennes National Bank, of Vincennes, Indiana, and the Washington National Bank, of Washington, Indiana, having severally recovered judgments against William Helphenstine and others, composing the firm of William Helphenstine & Co., issued executions thereon, under which, and under an execution on another judgment, the sheriff of Knox county, Indiana, at the court-house door, in Vincennes, in that eounty, on a notice advertised for three weeks successively in a weekly newspaper, and notices posted as required by law for 20 days, offered at public sale the rents and profits, for a term not exceeding seven years, of certain real estate and chattels real on which he had levied, and, having received no bid for such rents and profits, exposed to public sale the fee-simple of the real estate and chattels real and the improvements thereon, to-wit: 'one engine and boiler and hoisting-machine, steam-pump, Fairbanks' railroad scales, wagon scales, four screens, blacksmith's shop, one office building, one engine building and dump-house, one stable, one lime-house, two dwelling-houses, track in coalmine, railroad track, switches, and all fixtures belonging to the coal mine on said real estate and leasehold.' The levy and sale included the interest of the judgment debtors for the residue of terms of years unexpired under certain mining leases of real estate, embracing that covered by the Bunting agreement, hereinafter mentioned. The two banks became the purchasers, at the sale, on June 9, 1877, and received a certificate, which stated that they would be entitled to a deed unless the property should be redeemed within one year from the date of the sale. On the twenty-fifth of December, 1877, they filed a bill in equity, in the circuit court of the United States for the district of Indiana, against the members of the firm of William Helphenstine & Co., and the members of the firm of Hyatt, Levings & Co. The latter were judgment creditors of William Helphenstine & Co. The object of the suit was to restrain interference with the purchased property. The bill was afterwards amended by making the sheriff a defendant, and by alleging that Hyatt, Levings & Co. had caused a levy to be made, under an execution on their judgment, on iron rails and other property, which Helphenstine had detached, and on articles which constituted a part of the machinery for operating the mine, and which were firmly attached to the real estate and leasehold, and were part of the property so purchased by the plaintiffs.

The question in the case arises in respect to an agreement or lease in writing, executed by one Bunting and his wife and William Helphenstine & Co., in July, 1874, by which the former conveyed to the latter, their heirs, successors and assigns, for a term of 50 years, 'all the mineral coal, iron ore, fire and potters' clay, limestone, building stone, and other minerals, upon and under the farm or tract of land' described, with the exclusive right to enter on the land to dig for the articles named, and, when found, to remove the same from the land, 'together with all rights and privileges incident to mining and securing the minerals aforesaid, including the right of ingress and egress, and to dig, bore, mine, explore, and occupy with constructions and buildings, as may be necessary and useful for the full development and enjoyment of the advantages of said coal and other minerals as aforesaid.' The lessees were given 'the right to remove all buildings or fixtures placed on said land when said agreement has been forfeited or may have expired;' and they were to pay fixed royalties for the articles mined and removed. The answers of Helphenstine & Co., and of Hyatt, Levings & Co., aver that the property in question was personal property, situated 15 miles distant from the court-house of the county, and was used in and about the operation of the mine under the mining contract.

Before the hearing the parties stipulated in writing 'that the plaintiffs are entitled to a decree as prayed for, unless the property sold should have been sold as personal property, as provided for by the statutes of the state of Indiana; that the sheriff's sale was made at the court-house door, in the city of Vincennes, in Knox county, and more than twelve miles from the property.' The circuit court entered a decree that, by virtue of their purchase and the certificate thereof, the plaintiffs became the equitable owners, subject to the right of redemption, 'of the real estate, fixtures, machinery, and chattels real,' which the decree went on to describe; and of the right, title, and interest of William Helphenstine & Co., being the residue of terms of years unexpired under certain mining leases of specified real estate, including that covered by the agreement with the Buntings; that on said land and leaseholds were situate and sold, as aforesaid, to the plaintiffs, the chattels real before described as sold to them; and that the sheriff had levied on property which, at the time of the sale to the plaintiffs, was annexed to and constituted part of said real estate and chattels real, and was part of the property sold to the plaintiffs, and intended to sell it. The decree enjoined the defendants from selling the property so levied on. Subsequently the defendants moved to modify the decree by striking out so much as enjoined the sheriff from selling the machinery, buildings, fixtures, and improvements situate on the premises held under the agreement with the Buntings, because they were personal property when levied on under the execution of the plaintiffs, and the sale was void because they were not sold as personal property but as real property, and the plaintiffs acquired no title under the sale made at the court-house door. The motion was overruled. The defendants have appealed to this court, setting forth, in their petition of appeal, that they appeal from that part of the decree which relates to the machinery, buildings, fixtures, and improvements situated on the Bunting premises and held under the Bunting agreement, on the ground that it was personal property and not real estate, and was not sold as personal property, in the presence of the officer making the sale.

W. H. Calkins and A. C. Harris, for appellants.

[Argument of Counsel from pages 411-413 intentionally omitted] F. W. Viehe, for appellees.

Mr. Justice Blatchford deliverd the opinion of the court. He recited the facts as above stated, and continued:

The only question for decision is, by the stipulation of the parties, whether the property in question should have been sold in the manner in which personal property was required by the statute of Indiana to be sold.

The statute in force at the time, in regard to the sale of personal property on execution, (2 Rev. St. Ind. 1852, pt. 2, c. 1; Act June 18, 1852, art. 22, §§ 468, 469, vol. 2 Davis' Ed. 1876, p. 218,) provided as follows: 'Sec. 468. Previous notice of the time and place of the sale of any personal property on execution shall be given for ten days successively, by posting up written notices thereof in at least three of the most public places in the township where the sale is to be made. Sec. 469. Personal property shall not be sold unless the same shall be present and subject to the view of those attending the sale; and it shall be sold at public auction in such lots and parcels as shall be calculated to bring the highest price.'

The Revised Statutes of Indiana of 1852, in force at the time, in regard to the sale of real estate on execution, (2 Rev. St. pt. 2, c. 1; Act June 18, 1852, vol. 2 Davis' Ed. 1876,) provided as follows, (article 24, § 526, p. 232:) 'Sec. 526. The following real estate shall be liable to all judgments and...