Hyden v. State

• Decision Date: 03 June 1998
• Docket Number: No. 97-0935,97-0935
• Citation: 715 So.2d 960
• Parties: 23 Fla. L. Weekly D1342 Terry HYDEN, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 960

715 So.2d 960

23 Fla. L. Weekly D1342

Terry HYDEN, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.

No. 97-0935.

District Court of Appeal of Florida,

Fourth District.

June 3, 1998.

Rehearing, Rehearing En Banc and

Certification of Conflict and

Question Denied Aug. 18, 1998.

Richard L. Jorandby, Public Defender, and Susan D. Cline, Assistant Public Defender, West Palm Beach, for appellant.

Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Elaine L. Thompson, Assistant Attorney General, West Palm Beach, for appellee.

EN BANC

WARNER, Judge.

We withdraw our prior opinion and substitute the following in its place.

We use this appeal to impress upon the criminal bar of this district the essential requirement of the new Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(d). In order for a sentencing error to be raised on direct appeal from a conviction and sentence, it must be preserved in the trial court either by objection at the time of sentencing or in a motion to correct sentence under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(b). In this district, we will no longer entertain on appeal the correction of sentencing errors which are not properly preserved.

In this case, the appellant challenges two aspects of his sentence. First, he alleges that the order of probation requires him to submit to "random urinalysis, breath and blood testing" which condition was not orally pronounced. Although in the past we have corrected such deviations from the oral pronouncement of sentences, see, e.g., Ramos v. State, 696 So.2d 461 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997); Williamson v. State, 569 So.2d 1368 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990), we will do so no more. Rule 9.140 provides in pertinent part:

(d) Sentencing Errors. A sentencing error may not be raised on appeal unless the alleged error has first been brought to the attention of the lower tribunal:

(1) at the time of sentencing; or

(2) by motion pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(b).

While no objection can be made at the time of sentencing that the written judgment does not conform to the oral pronouncement, a defendant has thirty days from the rendition of the written sentence to make a motion to correct the sentence or order of probation under Rule 3.800(b). In addition, the definition of "rendition" of an order for purposes of appeal was amended to provide that a timely filed motion to correct the sentence suspends rendition of the judgment of conviction and sentence for purposes of appeal. See Fla.R.App.P. 9.020(h). Thus, the amendments make it clear that a timely motion to correct a sentence preserves the defendant's appellate rights. The defendant loses his or her appellate rights only when he or she does not observe the provisions of Rule 3.800(b) and Rule 9.140(d).

Had appellant filed a motion to correct the sentence, within a very short period of time--far less than the year this appeal has been pending--the trial court could have corrected his sentence. It is for the benefit of the criminal judicial system as a whole, as well as the individual defendants, that this expeditious remedy of sentence correction has been made available. Our strict enforcement of Rule 9.140(d) should have the effect of alerting the criminal bar of the absolute necessity for reviewing the sentencing orders when received to determine whether correction is necessary. If they do not, relief will not be afforded on appeal. Thus, counsel's duties do not end with the pronouncement of the sentence. Trial counsel can no longer rely on appellate counsel to request correction of errors in the appellate court.

For the same reason, we hold that appellant's second issue alleging error in the assessment against appellant of public defender fees and costs to the Board of County Commissioners is not correctable on appeal without preservation in the trial court. On this we agree with our sister court which held in Maddox v. State, 708 So.2d 617 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998), that errors in the assessment of costs and fees are also subject to the requirement of preservation, as these too are easily correctable in the trial court pursuant to Rule 3.800(b).

In Louisgeste v. State, 706 So.2d 29, 31-32 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998), we held that the appellate court may consider the imposition of a public defender's fee without preservation of the issue in the trial court. Louisgeste cited Neal v. State, 688 So.2d 392, 395 (Fla. 1st DCA), rev. denied, 698 So.2d 543 (Fla.1997), which permitted a fee issue to be raised without preservation on the ground that the supreme court had determined that imposition of a fee without notice was a denial of due process and thus a fundamental error. See Henriquez v. State, 545 So.2d 1340, 1341 (Fla.1989); Wood v. State, 544 So.2d 1004, 1006 (Fla.1989). Both of these cases were decided prior to the change of the rules which permit a motion to correct a sentence pursuant to Rule 3.800(b) and require preservation of a sentencing error pursuant to Rule 9.140(d).

The addition of Rule 3.800(b) and Rule 9.140(d) has changed the legal landscape with respect to whether it remains fundamental error to impose a public defender's fee or costs where the defendant failed to move to correct the sentence or order of probation. Wood explains that without adequate notice and a meaningful hearing, the requirements of due process are not met in imposing costs upon a defendant who may be indigent. See 544 So.2d at 1006. Assuming that prior to the sentence a defendant is not given notice of the state's intent to impose costs and a public defenders' fee, once the fees are imposed in the sentence, the defendant surely has notice of them. If the defendant contests either the ability to pay such fees or the amount, he or she can file a motion to correct the sentence, pursuant to Rule 3.800(b), contesting the imposition and requesting a hearing. This gives the defendant, the...