Iliff v. Richards, s. 781669
| Decision Date | 26 November 1980 |
| Docket Number | 790015,Nos. 781669,s. 781669 |
| Parties | Ramon ILIFF v. Warren F. RICHARDS and Glenn Stark. Record |
| Court | Virginia Supreme Court |
Adelard L. Brault, Fairfax (Brault, Lewis, Geschickter & Palmer, Fairfax, on brief), for appellees.
Before I'ANSON, C. J., and CARRICO, HARRISON, COCHRAN, POSS, COMPTON and THOMPSON, JJ.
In this damage suit arising from a motor vehicle collision, we consider whether the trial court was correct in dismissing one defendant, upon motion of plaintiff at the pleading stage for a voluntary nonsuit The chronology is important. On August 26, 1976, plaintiff-appellee Warren F. Richards was injured while a passenger in a vehicle operated by defendant-appellee Glenn Stark which collided with another vehicle operated by defendant-appellant Ramon Iliff. On August 3, 1978, plaintiff, by counsel, filed a motion for judgment in the court below against Iliff and Stark seeking damages for his bodily injuries. Iliff was served with the notice of motion for judgment on August 10 and Stark was served August 21.
without notice to the other defendant who had previously filed a cross-claim. We think the lower court erred and reverse.
On August 23, 1978, defendant Iliff, by counsel, filed a grounds of defense and cross-claim. 1 In the cross-claim he sought recovery against Stark for bodily injuries sustained in the accident and indemnity from Stark in the event plaintiff recovered against Iliff. The Rule 1:12 certificate of Iliff's counsel stated a copy of the pleading was mailed to counsel for plaintiff and to defendant Stark individually at the address shown on the motion for judgment.
On the next day, August 24, plaintiff Richards, by counsel, filed a motion for entry of a "voluntary non-suit of the defendant, GLENN STARK" with a certificate of plaintiff's counsel stating "that a true copy of the foregoing has been furnished to Adelard L. Brault, Esq., counsel for defendant Iliff, by hand delivery, this 24 day of August, 1978, ..." Brault, counsel for Stark, was not then counsel for Iliff nor did he ever appear on behalf of Iliff. The motion was never served on Iliff or his attorney.
On the same day, one of the orders appealed from was entered, as follows:
The 24th day of August, 1978, came the plaintiff, by counsel, and moved the
court to non-suit the above cause of action as to defendant Glenn Stark; and
there being no objection, as evidenced by endorsement of this Order by
counsel for the parties, it is by the Court
ORDERED that defendant Glenn Stark be non-suited and dismissed from this
case without prejudice.
Entered this 24 day
of August, 1978.
Adelard L. Brault
BRAULT, LEWIS, GESCHICKTER & PALMER
Glenn Stark Obviously, there was no endorsement by or on behalf of Iliff.
On August 25, 1978, Iliff, unaware of the entry of the order, filed through different counsel a motion to amend the cross-claim, asserting the "original Cross-Claim" was filed by an insurance carrier's attorney and not by his "own private attorney." The motion further stated that Iliff wished to clarify the cross-claim to state he was seeking a judgment for his damages as the result of Stark's negligence and that the cross-claim was in no way contingent on plaintiff's recovery against Iliff. On August 31, 1978, in a paper showing that Iliff was the only defendant in the case, plaintiff, by counsel, propounded 35 interrogatories to Iliff dealing with the merits of plaintiff's claim.
On September 12, 1978, defendant Stark, by counsel, moved to dismiss the cross-claim. He asserted Iliff's August 23 cross-claim was not served on Stark in accordance with the Rules; that because of the August 24 order nonsuiting Stark, Stark was not a party to the suit; and that the Rules of Court make no provision for a cross-claim against one not a party to the action.
On October 27, 1978, the trial court, acting through Honorable Lewis D. Morris, Judge, entered the other order appealed from. The court granted Stark's motion to dismiss the cross-claim, reciting in the order "that Glenn Stark, at the time of the filing of the Cross-Claim of defendant Ramon Iliff against said Glenn Stark, was not a party to this cause of action, ..." No reason for that conclusion was contained in the order.
Because of the view we take of this case, we need only deal with the order of August 24, 1978. In addition to contending this Court lacks jurisdiction to entertain this appeal, a position we will presently address and reject, defendant Stark (plaintiff Richards has not appeared on appeal) argues the trial court acted properly in entering the August order. Stark points to Code § 8.01-380 2 and says the statute gave plaintiff an "absolute right" to a nonsuit without notice under the circumstances of this case, implicitly contending that Iliff's cause of action against Stark could be adjudicated independently of the plaintiff's claim against Iliff and Stark. Stark also refers to Rule 1:13 which provides that orders shall not be entered except upon notice or endorsement by all counsel, but permits notice or endorsement to be dispensed with in the court's discretion. Thus, Stark argues, the trial court's order was valid and should not be vacated. We disagree. The record demonstrates that the court below either overlooked or disregarded Iliff's cross-claim; the order of nonsuit should not have been entered without notice to that defendant.
The sketch of the August order presented to the trial judge contained a clear, unmistakable misrecital which should have been obvious upon a review of the draft. It stated that "counsel for the parties" had endorsed the sketch indicating no objection to its entry, yet it had been endorsed on behalf of only one defendant, the caption showing the existence of two parties defendant.
But more importantly, the court below entered the order without requiring notice to Iliff, who had properly filed a cross-claim in the case the previous day. The moment the cross-claim was filed on August 23 in the clerk's office under Rule 3:9, the cause of action for personal injuries stated therein was instituted and pending against the co-defendant Stark. Code § 8.01-233(A). 3
Therefore, the trial court in the exercise of discretion should have required notice to Iliff's counsel of record before entering the August 24 order. Entry of the order as presented without notice to Iliff served not only to dismiss the defendant against whom the cross-claim had been filed but operated to effectively eliminate the cross-claim from the case. This failure on the part of the trial court was an abuse of discretion amounting to reversible error. Cofer v. Cofer, 205 Va. 834, 836-37, 140 S.E.2d 663, 665 (1965).
Stark contends, alternatively, the lower court's action was "harmless error" because the normal two-year statute of limitations on Iliff's personal injury claim had not run on August 24 and its operation had been tolled by filing of plaintiff's action. § 8.01-233(B). 4 Stark implies that Iliff could have filed within the period of limitation extended a motion to...
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