IN INTEREST OF RF, 20050148

• Decision Date: 02 June 2005
• Docket Number: No. 20050148,20050148
• Citation: 697 NW 2d 311,2005 ND 102
• Parties: In the Interest of R.F. North Dakota State Hospital, Petitioner and Appellee, v. R.F., Respondent and Appellant.
• Court: North Dakota Supreme Court

2005 ND 102

697 NW 2d 311

In the Interest of R.F.

North Dakota State Hospital, Petitioner and Appellee, v. R.F., Respondent and Appellant.

No. 20050148

Supreme Court of North Dakota.

Filed June 2, 2005

Leo A. Ryan, Special Assistant Attorney General, 208 2nd Ave. SW, P.O. Box 1727, Jamestown, ND 58402-1727, for petitioner and appellee.

Thomas E. Merrick, 200 Jamestown Mall, 200 3rd St. NE, P.O. Box 1900, Jamestown, ND 58402-1900, for respondent and appellant.

Opinion of the Court by Kapsner, Justice.

Kapsner, Justice.

[¶1] R.F. appeals an order from the Southeast Judicial District Court ordering her to be hospitalized at the North Dakota State Hospital ("State Hospital") for continuing treatment until March 8, 2006, or until further order of the court. We affirm.

I.

[¶2] R.F., a 51-year-old woman, suffers from what doctors describe as "extremely severe" obsessive-compulsive disorder. She has been treated periodically in the State Hospital for the past eleven years and has received continuous treatment in the State Hospital since 2002. R.F. agrees she has obsessive-compulsive disorder and requires treatment, but she argues her current treatment is ineffective. R.F.'s current treatment includes medication, group therapy, and a behavior modification program. R.F. was examined by three doctors, and all agreed she needs treatment in a highly structured setting. R.F. would prefer to be treated in a different hospital, namely Rogers Memorial Hospital near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. One doctor testified a change of environment may be beneficial to R.F. because she has been receiving treatment at the State Hospital for three years with little progress and R.F. feels she has been "terrorized" by staff at the State Hospital. Two of the doctors agreed R.F. does not currently meet the criteria for treatment at Rogers Memorial Hospital, a private hospital that would cost twice as much as the State Hospital.

[¶3] The trial court found R.F. suffers from severe obsessive-compulsive disorder which, if left untreated, poses a serious risk of harm to her. The court further found hospitalization is the only adequate means of treatment for her.

II.

[¶4] This Court has clearly articulated the standard applied in least-restrictive treatment appeals:

When an individual is found to be a person requiring treatment he has the right to the least restrictive conditions necessary to achieve the purposes of the treatment. The court must make a two-part inquiry: (1) whether a treatment program other than hospitalization is adequate to meet the individual's treatment needs; and (2) whether an alternative treatment program is sufficient to prevent harm or injuries which the individual may inflict upon himself or others. The court must find by clear and convincing evidence that alternative treatment is not adequate or hospitalization is the least restrictive alternative. This Court will not set aside the trial court's findings unless they are clearly erroneous.

Interest of R.F., 2005 ND 54, ¶ 4, 692 N.W.2d 905 (internal citations omitted). A finding is clearly erroneous if it is induced by an erroneous view of the law, it is unsupported by evidence, or this Court, based on a review of the entire record, has a definite and firm conviction a mistake has been made. Id. This Court's review in involuntary commitment cases is limited to the procedures, findings, and conclusions of the lower court. Interest of D.P., 2001 ND 203, ¶ 3, 636 N.W.2d 921.

[¶5] R.F. argues the State Hospital failed to comply with N.D.C.C. § 25-03.1-21(1), which states:

Before making its decision in an involuntary treatment hearing, the court shall review a report assessing the availability and appropriateness for the respondent of treatment programs other than hospitalization which has been prepared and submitted by the state hospital or treatment facility. If the court finds that a treatment program other than hospitalization is adequate to meet the respondent's treatment needs and is sufficient to prevent harm or injuries which the individual may inflict upon the individual or others, the court shall order the respondent to receive whatever treatment other than hospitalization is appropriate for a period of ninety days.

[¶6] Dr. Sandra Owens, a psychologist employed by the State Hospital, completed a "Report Assessing Availability and Appropriateness of Alternate Treatment." The report form requires the examiner to "[l]ist in detail any possible programs, facilities, public or private agencies, community resources, etc., whether or not such programs, facilities or resources are appropriate and feasible at the present time." Dr. Owens wrote, "[d]ue to [R.F.] needing a high level of structure in psychiatric setting, no known facility available to meet her needs," because "[s]he is a high risk for AWOL. She is quite high risk for being victimized. [R.F.] is in total denial of her OCD mental illness."

[¶7] This Court has found, "[i]n some cases, a reporting doctor may reasonably conclude that less restrictive alternatives to hospitalization simply do not exist." In the Interest of J.S., 545 N.W.2d 145, 148 (N.D. 1996). The "Report Assessing Availability and Appropriateness of Alternate Treatment" in J.S. listed "[n]one" under alternatives to hospitalization, and gave as reasons "'[J.S.] denies that he is mentally ill or that he needs any medication,' that J.S. 'is very dangerous and is potentially violent toward others when he is off' medication, and that J.S. 'plainly states that he would not take any [medication] if he was out of the hospital.'" Id. at 147. In addition, the "Report of Examination" stated:

[J.S.] continues to refuse to admit that he is mentally ill and will not take medication if it is not court ordered. He has a very serious physical aggressive behavior, when not properly treated while in the community, and this makes him a very difficult patient to get a placement for. He continues to need a structured and supervised arrangement.

Id. at 148. This Court found these statements, in addition to the doctor's consistent trial testimony, were sufficient to support the doctor's statement that no alternate treatment was available. Id.

[¶8] R.F. was examined by three doctors, Dr. Belanger, Dr. Gulkin, and Dr. Peterson, who provided testimony at trial. Dr. Joseph Belanger, a licensed independent practitioner at the State Hospital, testified that a social worker and another doctor had stated three reasons why they would not be able to find alternative treatment for R.F.: the level of symptomatology, fluctuating therapeutic alliances, and duration of alternative programs. He testified he was not aware of any appropriate alternative treatment. When asked whether any alternative facilities had been looked at, he replied, "I know that the social worker has looked at them. She did not give me the list of the ones she contacted this morning so I can't list them by name . . ." His testimony did not identify any specific alternative treatments, but he did say R.F. would not meet the criteria to qualify for an alternative treatment.

[¶9] Dr. Robert Gulkin, who was appointed to conduct an independent examination of R.F., testified, "I know of no less restrictive alternative treatment program . . . it's not clear to me that a less restrictive treatment program is appropriate at this time. There may be other appropriate programs but I believe we're looking...