In re Farrell

• Decision Date: 23 January 1914
• Docket Number: 5134.
• Citation: 211 F. 212
• Parties: In re FARRELL et al.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Western District of Washington

211 F. 212

In re FARRELL et al.

No. 5134.

United States District Court, W.D. Washington, Northern Division.

January 23, 1914

W. V Tanner, Atty. Gen., and John M. Wilson, Asst. Atty. Gen., for claimant.

Alderson & Murphine, of Seattle, Wash., for trustee.

NETERER District Judge.

The Industrial Insurance Department of the state of Washington filed with the referee in bankruptcy its verified claim in the amount of $365.78, which represents assessments made by the Industrial Insurance Department against the said bankrupts based upon their pay roll of workmen in extrahazardous employment in and about their business in the operation of a sawmill. This claim was filed by virtue of chapter 74 of the Laws of Washington 1911, p. 346. The state claims priority of payment of said amount under section 64a of the Bankruptcy Act (Act July 1, 1898, c. 541, 30 Stat. 563 (U.S. Comp. St. 1901, p. 3447)). The trustee 'objects to the claim of the state of Washington for premium due the State Industrial Insurance Commission as a claim having a priority, for the reason that said claim does not constitute a claim having a priority within the meaning of the bankrupt statute.'

Section 64a of the Bankruptcy Act provides:

'The court shall order the trustee to pay all taxes legally due and owing by the bankrupt to the United States, state county, district, or municipality in advance of the payment of dividends to creditors.'

The Workmen's Compensation Act, approved by the Governor March 14, 1911 (Laws of 1911, p. 345), requires all employers engaged in extrahazardous employments to pay certain amounts into a fund for the purpose of compensating injured workmen. Section 4 of this act, at page 352, provides:

'The fund thereby created shall be termed the 'accident fund' which shall be devoted exclusively to the purpose specified * * * in this act.'

Section 8 of the act, page 362, provides:

'If any employer shall default in any payment to the accident fund, * * * the sum due shall be collected by action at law in the name of the state as plaintiff, and such right of action shall be in addition to any other right of action or remedy.'

It is further provided that if injury occurs after demand for payment on default, the employer loses the benefit of the act. Section 21 provides:

'The administration of this act is imposed upon a department, to be known as the Industrial Insurance Department, to consist of three commissioners to be appointed by the Governor.'

No method of collecting the assessments provided by the act is provided other than as set forth in section 8.

Article 7 of the Constitution of Washington, Sec. 1, provides:

'All property in the state, not exempt under the laws of the United States, or this Constitution, shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as provided by law. The Legislature shall provide by law for an annual tax sufficient, with other sources of revenue, to defray the estimated ordinary expenses of the state for each fiscal year. And for the purpose of paying the state debt, if there be any, the Legislature shall provide for levying a tax annually, sufficient to pay the annual interest and principal of such debt within 20 years from the final passage of the law creating the debt.'

A 'tax' is defined as a pecuniary burden imposed for the support of the government. United States v. Railroad, 17 Wall. 322, 326, 21 L.Ed. 597. It is the enforced proportionate contribution of persons and property levied for the support of government and for all public things. Opinion of Justices, 58 Me. 591; Cooley on Taxation, 1; Pacific Insurance Co. v. Soule, 7 Wall. 433, 19 L.Ed. 95; Springer v. United States, 102 U.S. 586, 26 L.Ed. 253.

'A 'tax' is a pecuniary burden laid upon individuals and property for the purpose of supporting the government. ' New Jersey v. Anderson, 203 U.S. 483, 27 Sup.Ct. 137, 51 L.Ed. 284.

The assessment in issue is not to relieve the general taxpayer, but rather to relieve the employer from liability for injuries sustained by employes in extrahazardous employments and to compensate such employes. It is an assessment against a class for the benefit of a class.

The Supreme Court of Washington, in State ex rel. Davis-Smith Co. v. Clausen, 65 Wash. 156, at page 203, 117 P. 1101, at page 1116 (37 L.R.A. (N.S.) 466), in passing upon the constitutionality of the Industrial Insurance Act, and considering it with relation to article 7 of the state Constitution, says:

'It is manifest that it is not a tax in the sense the word is used in the sections of the Constitution to which reference is here made. No accession to the public revenue, general or local, is authorized or aimed at. The purpose of the exaction is entirely different. It is to be used, not to meet the current expenses of the government, but to recompense employes of the industries on whom the burden is imposed for injuries received by them while engaged in the pursuit of their employments. It is the consideration which the owners of the industries pay for the privilege of carrying them on.'

Federal courts are always disposed to accept the construction which the state court has placed upon a state statute. Phoenix Railway Co. v. Landis, 231 U.S. 578, 34 Sup.Ct. 179, 58 L.Ed. . . .; Sweeney v. Lommey, 22 Wall. 208, 213 22 L.Ed. 727; Fox v. Haarstick, 158 U.S. 674, 679, 15 Sup.Ct. 457, 39 L.Ed. 576; Northern Pacific R.R. Co. v. Hambly, 154 U.S. 474, 479, 14 Sup.Ct. 983, 38 L.Ed. 1009; Copper Queen Mining Co. v. Arizona Board, 206 U.S. 474, 479, 27 Sup.Ct. 695, 51 L.Ed. 1143;...